拍賣筆記 vol.330 佳士得紐約2026:首陽齋西周早期青銅夷爵 - Christie’s NY 2026, A Bronze Ritual Tripod Wine Vessel Jue, Early Western Zhou Dynasty
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此器銘文位置極為特殊,「夷」字或指邦國「夷國」,抑或與「夷伯」相關,其銘文具有極高的史料價值。此外,器表皮殼溫潤典雅,字跡清晰可辨,傳承有序且顯赫。雖然未見清代著錄記載,但其傳世歷史很可能已逾百年。
當今國內青銅器收藏常因「政策問題」而難以流行,然明代以前的出土文物同樣缺乏合法途徑,卻依然風靡市場,此邏輯實難自洽。若純從文物與藝術價值論,青銅器無疑應居古代藝術之首,它最能代表中華文明的核心精髓,其價值回歸乃大勢所趨、勢在必行。

The inscription on this vessel is uniquely positioned, with the character "夷" (Yi) possibly denoting the state of Yi (夷國) or relating to Yi Bo (夷伯); its inscription holds exceptional historical significance. Moreover, the patina is exceptionally warm, elegant, and refined, with the characters sharply legible and the provenance both illustrious and well-documented. Although no records from the Qing dynasty publications exist, its transmission history likely exceeds a century.
In contemporary China, bronze vessel collecting is often sidelined among domestic collectors due to so-called "policy issues." Yet artifacts from before the Ming dynasty, excavated without fully legal channels, remain highly popular in the market—a logical inconsistency that is hard to reconcile. When evaluated purely on artistic and cultural merit, Chinese bronzes undoubtedly rank foremost among ancient arts; they best embody the essence of the nation's civilization, and their rightful return to prominence is inevitable and imperative.
胡盈瑩、范季融夫婦是兩代上博捐赠者的傳承者:岳父胡惠春奠基瓷器,夫婦延續青銅器,跨越70餘年,體現華裔收藏家「藏以致用、回饋祖國」的家國情懷。他們不僅豐富中國博物館館藏,還透過展覽、出版、基金會促進文化交流與文物研究,是海外華人文物保護與分享的典範。范季融至今(2023年訪談時87歲)仍活躍於紐約,持續研究與分享。

青銅夷爵
西周早期 公元前十一世紀
EARLY WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY, 11TH CENTURY BC
首陽齋珍藏高古中國青銅器
估價
美元 50,000 – 美元 70,000
細節
西周早期 公元前十一世紀 青銅夷爵
銘文:尸(夷)乍(作)父癸寶尊彝
8 in. (20.3 cm.) high, cloth box
來源
草雅居古美術,香港,1992年7月6日
首陽齋,紐約
出版
周亞,馬今洪,胡嘉麟編,《首陽吉金:胡盈瑩、范季融藏中國古代青銅器》,上海,2008年,頁66-7,編號20
《首陽吉金:胡盈瑩、范季融藏中國古代青銅器》,寧波,2009年,頁13
吳鎮峰,《商周青銅器銘文暨圖像集成》,卷十七,上海,2012年,頁98,編號08549
羅新慧,《首陽吉金疏證》,上海,2016年,頁29-33,編號6
展覽
「首陽吉金:胡盈瑩、范季融藏中國古代青銅器」,2008年10月至2011年1月巡展於上海,上海博物館;香港,香港中文大學文物館;寧波, 寧波博物館;芝加哥,芝加哥藝術博物館,編號20
此爵之形制與紋飾,皆具西周早期風格。較諸殷商晚期酒器鑄造盛況,西周之際已不復如前,爵亦然。存世者尚守殷墟晚期舊制,承其含蓄之風,不事繁縟。今所見一器與此爵幾無二致,斷為西周成王及其子康王在位之成康時期(公元前1043–996年)製,1967年於長安張家坡西周墓M80號墓出土。詳見中國社會科學院考古研究所灃西發掘隊〈1967年長安張家坡西周墓葬的發掘〉,《考古學報》1980年,第4期,圖36-5。
尤可注意者,乃鑄於立柱及鋬側之銘文「尸(夷)乍(作)父癸寶尊彝」。可釋為:夷為其父癸作此寶貴禮器。該辭體符合西周常見奉獻銘式,以「作」示鑄造(或命鑄)之舉,明「父癸」為奉祭之人,復以「寶」、「尊彝」等敬稱申其祀器之屬。
「夷」字殊堪詳考,或為作器者之名,或為族屬、邦國之稱,與「夷」族相關。器銘「夷伯」者見於重器,如清代吳式芬、潘祖蔭先後收藏之著名「作册睘卣」(2013年9月17日經紐約蘇富比拍賣,拍品編號8),又如臺北故宮博物院藏「作册睘尊」,二者多繫於昭王時期(公元前1018–977年 )。1981年陝西扶風強家村1號墓出土一簋,亦銘「夷伯」。
至於史籍所載「夷國」所在,說法互異,或謂在城陽莊武縣,或指山東即墨縣西六十一里莊武故城。諸說並存,顯示西周諸方國、族群分布複雜,「夷」地歸屬,尚難確指。
首陽齋
胡盈瑩(Hu Yingying)和范季融(Fan Jirong,英文名George Fan)是美籍華裔著名文物收藏家夫婦,以收藏中國古代青銅器聞名於世,被視為全球此類私人收藏的重要代表之一。他們的收藏室「首陽齋」(Shouyang Zhai)位於美國紐約,珍藏逾百件中國古代青銅器,注重文化與學術價值,而非純粹審美,視收藏為學習研究中國傳統文化的途徑。
范季融生平與背景
范季融1936年生於上海,祖籍浙江鎮海(天一閣范欽後裔),父親范回春曾為上海閔行跑馬場老板。幼年隨家人遷台灣,再移居香港。1950年入讀香港華誠書院,後獲獎學金赴美,就讀紐約大學電子工程,獲學士、碩士及應用物理博士學位。畢業後任IBM工程師,曾擔任美國國家科學院咨詢委員會委員。回港後繼高锟教授出任香港中文大學工程學院教授、院長,並創辦FastChange企業任主席。中大退休後移居紐約,全心投入中國先秦青銅器收藏與研究,成為該領域大家。
1959年,他與香港金融家、著名收藏家胡惠春(1911-1995)之女胡盈瑩結婚,受岳父影響正式涉足收藏界。胡惠春(暫得樓主人)為民國銀行家(胡筆江之子),精於瓷器收藏,1950年代及1980年代兩次向上博捐贈359件陶瓷(以清官窯單色釉為主),奠定上博早期收藏基礎,上博特設「暫得樓陶瓷館」致敬。范季融視岳父為精神導師,繼承「暫得」(暫時擁有即喜)理念,強調收藏非囤積,而是研究與分享。
胡盈瑩與夫婦收藏
胡盈瑩出身收藏世家,夫婦二人早期從瓷器入手,後專注青銅器。范季融師承上海博物館前館長馬承源(1928-2004),注重器形、紋飾、銘文、鑄造、包漿等學術研究,尤其重視銘文對歷史的佐證。他們收藏不求「好看」,而求重要歷史文化價值,曾為美國青銅器最大私人藏家之一。
首陽齋藏品質量俱佳,包括商周至戰國器物,多帶銘文,具有極高學術與鑑賞價值。代表藏品有:山父丁盤、父丁母丁戈、子范鬲、商鞅铍、秦兩詔橢升、秦公三鼎二簋、錯金銀鳥獸紋弩機等。
重要貢獻與捐赠
夫婦自1991年起多次向中國捐赠青銅器、瓷器、書畫等珍貴文物:
1988年捐76件清官窯精品瓷器予上海博物館,設專館。
1991後分三次捐西周青銅器、明畫等予上博。
1993年在紐約發起「上海博物館之友」基金會(中國博物館海外唯一)。
1994年捐25萬美元助上博新館建設。
2009年捐9件國寶級秦公、晉侯青銅器予國家文物局(部分來自大堡子山流失文物),後入藏上博。
另捐予故宮、山西博物院、美國大都會藝術博物館等。
2015年上博專設「范季融、胡盈瑩展廳」。他們獲中國「文化交流貢獻獎」。
展覽與出版
2008-2009年起,其70件精選青銅器舉辦大型巡展「首陽吉金:胡盈瑩、范季融藏中國古代青銅器」:
上海博物館(2008.10-2009.2)
香港中文大學文物館(2009.2-8)
寧波博物館、芝加哥藝術博物館等 出版同名圖錄(上海古籍出版社),首次系統展示海外藏品,填補國內研究空白。
Early Chinese Bronzes from the Shouyang Studio
Estimate
USD 50,000 – USD 70,000
A BRONZE RITUAL TRIPOD WINE VESSEL, JUE
EARLY WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY, 11TH CENTURY BC
The exterior of one post and the area beneath is cast with a seven-character inscription reading Yi zuo Fu Gui bao zun Yi, which may be translated as 'Yi made this precious vessel for Father Gui.'
8 in. (20.3 cm.) high, cloth box
PROVENANCE
Elegant House - Chinese Curios, Hong Kong, 6 July 1992.
The Shouyang Studio, New York.
LITERATURE
Zhou Ya, Ma Jinhong, and Hu Jialin ed., Ancient Chinese Bronzes from the Shouyang Studio: The Katherine and George Fan Collection, Shanghai, 2008, pp. 66-7, no. 20.
Ancient Chinese Bronzes from the Shouyang Studio: The Katherine and George Fan Collection, Ningbo, 2009, p. 13.
Wu Zhenfeng, Shangzhou qingtongqi mingwen ji tuxiang jicheng (Compendium of Inscriptions and Images of Bronzes from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties), vol. 17, Shanghai, 2012, p. 98, no. 08549.
Luo Xinhui, Shouyang Jijin Shuzheng (Textual Research of Inscriptions from Bronze Collection of The Shouyang Studio), Shanghai, 2016, pp. 29-33, no. 6.
EXHIBITED
Ancient Chinese Bronzes from the Shouyang Studio: The Katherine and George Fan Collection, October 2008 - January 2011: Shanghai, Shanghai Museum; Hong Kong, Art Gallery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Ningbo, Ningbo Museum; Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, no. 20.
The form and decoration of the present jue are characteristic of the early Western Zhou period. Compared with the late Shang, when wine vessels were cast in large numbers, the Western Zhou witnessed a significant decline in the production of bronze wine vessels, including jue. Surviving early Western Zhou examples nonetheless preserve the restrained, relatively plain aesthetic associated with the late Yin ruins tradition. A nearly identical jue, dated to the reign period of King Cheng and his son King Kang (1043-996 BC) of the Western Zhou, was unearthed in 1967 from burial M80 at Zhangjiapo, Chang’an (see Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Fengxi Fajuedui ed., “Excavation of Western Zhou Tombs at Zhangjiapo, Chang’an, 1967,” Kaogu Xuebao 1980, no. 4, fig. 36-5).
Of particular interest is the inscription cast on the upright post and extending onto the upper body of the vessel adjacent to the handle reading Yi zuo fu gui bao zun yi, which may be translated as :'Yi made this precious vessel for Father Gui.' The inscription follows a standard Western Zhou dedicatory formula in which zuo (made) introduces the act of commissioning, the dedicatee is specified as 'Father Gui,' and the vessel is described in honorific terms as a treasured ritual implement.
The graph Yi is particularly noteworthy. It may be read as the personal name of the commissioner, but it could also indicate a lineage or polity designation associated with a group known as Yi. The name Yibo appears in inscriptions on notable bronzes, including the Zuo Ce Qiong you, formerly in the collections of Wu Shifan and Pan Zuyin and later sold at Sotheby’s New York, 17 September 2013, lot 8, and on the Zuo Ce Qiong zun in the collection of the Taipei Palace Museum, both of which are generally associated with the reign of King Zhao (1018–977 BC). The name Yibo can also seen on a gui, excavated in 1981 from burial M1 at Qiangjiacun, Fufeng, Shaanxi. Historical texts offer varying identifications of the Yi state. Some sources state that the Yi state was located in Zhuangwu County, Chengyang, while others suggest the Yi state corresponds to the ruins of Zhuangwu, sixty-one li west of Jimo county, Shandong Province. These alternative suggestions illustrate the complexity of locating the Yi polity within the broader Western Zhou geopolitical landscape.






























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