拍賣筆記 vol.266 亦車爵：商代青銅饕餮紋爵，銘「亦車」，8.89萬英鎊（約92萬港元）售出，埃斯肯納齊經手 - Eskenazi, Bronze ‘Yi Che’ Jue, Shang Dynasty, Sold for 88900GBP

美國華盛頓特區弗里爾美術館（Freer Gallery of Art）藏有一件銘文為「亦車」的青銅簋，其銘文曾被《殷周青銅器銘文集錄》與陳夢家《西周銘文分類彙考》收錄，為研究「亦車」族徽的重要實物例證。

與之形制相近的爵器中，德國收藏家尤利烏斯・埃伯哈特（Julius Eberhardt）舊藏曾見一件無銘文的同式青銅爵，造型比例、獸面構圖及流、尾、鋬之位置與「亦車」銘爵極為接近，應出自同一地區、相近時期的工坊系統。該器於近年國際拍場上釋出，以高價成交，足見其藝術與學術價值之獲市場高度肯定。

注意：該器物曾於2023年邦瀚斯上拍，估價5-8萬英鎊流拍。這次拍出價格超過上次高估價，可見兩年間，藏家們對早期青銅器的認可和認知程度有上升趨勢。

A bronze you vessel inscribed with yi che is preserved in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. The inscription has been recorded in both Yin Zhou jinwen jilu and Chen Mengjia’s Xizhou mingwen fenlei huikao, and serves as an important reference for the study of the yi che clan emblem.

A closely related jue of similar form, though uninscribed, was formerly in the collection of Julius Eberhardt, the renowned German connoisseur. Its proportions, the configuration of the taotie masks, and the arrangement of the spout, tail, and handle closely correspond to those of the inscribed yi che vessel, suggesting a shared regional or workshop origin. The Eberhardt example achieved a high price at international auction in recent years, underscoring both its artistic and scholarly significance.

女士藏品

商末 亦車爵

拍賣已結束

2025 November 6, 01:06 AM HKT

估價

30,000 - 50,000 GBP

拍品已售

88,900 GBP

Height 21.5 cm, 8½ in.

出處

Bluett and Sons Ltd.，倫敦，1960年9月23日

埃斯卡納齊，倫敦

英國私人收藏

展出

《Ancient Chinese Bronzes from an English Private Collection》，埃斯卡納齊，倫敦，1999，編號5

著錄

中國社會科學院考古研究所編，《殷周金文集成》，北京，1984年，編號7719（銘文拓片）

吳鎮烽，商周青銅器銘文暨圖像集成，卷14，上海，2012年，編號7022

此器為典型而精緻的商代晚期（約前1600–1046年）青銅爵，用於宗廟禮儀中溫酒與奉酒。全器鑄造銳利，獸面紋（饕餮）威嚴突出，鋒棱分明的立棱結構將紋飾區域巧妙分割，展現了商代高超的青銅工藝與禮制美學。此爵應屬於貴族階層的大型禮器組之一，專為宗祭所鑄。

手柄下方鑄有兩個清晰的銘文符號，學者陳夢家（1911–1966）釋讀為「㠯車」，其中「車」字為族徽。至今已知唯有另一件署有「㠯車」銘的爵存世，最早著錄於《梁上莊彥古吉金圖錄》（北京，1943年，圖版30），相傳出土於商代都城安陽。此外，美國華盛頓史密森學會國家亞洲藝術博物館（弗利爾館，藏品號F1941.8）藏有一件銘同族徽的青銅盂，被認為出自殷晚期（前12–11世紀），見John Alexander Pope 等編《The Freer Gallery Bronzes》（華盛頓，1967年），圖版61。

同類造型的青銅爵現存於世界多所重要博物館。例如台北故宮博物院所藏一例，載於《商周青銅酒器特展圖錄》（台北，1989年，圖版8），該器與河南安陽大司空村4號墓出土的爵形制相近；又如紐約大都會藝術博物館所藏一例（館藏號49.135.15），曾參加該館2005年《Arts of Ancient China》展覽；另有一例藏於英國倫敦大英博物館（館藏號1935,0115.22），曾於2012年《Ritual and Revelry: The Art of Drinking in Asia》展中展出。

PROPERTY OF A LADY

The Yi Che Jue

An inscribed archaic bronze ritual wine vessel, Late Shang dynasty

Auction Closed

November 6, 01:06 AM HKT

Estimate

30,000 - 50,000 GBP

Lot Sold

88,900 GBP

Height 21.5 cm, 8½ in

Provenance

Bluett and Sons Ltd., London, 23rd September 1960.

Eskenazi Ltd., London

English Private Collection.

Exhibited

Ancient Chinese Bronzes from an English Private Collection, Eskenazi Ltd., London, 1999, cat. no. 5.

Literature

The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed., Yinzhou jinwen jicheng [Compendium of Yin and Zhou bronze inscriptions], Beijing, 1984, no. 7719 (rubbing).

Wu Zhenfeng, Shangzhou qingtongqi mingwen ji tuxiang jicheng [Compendium of inscriptions and images of bronzes from Shang and Zhou dynasties], vol. 14, Shanghai, 2012, no. 7022.

Catalogue Note

The present vessel represents a fine and archetypal example of archaic jue vessels, used to hold and warm wine in ritual ceremonies in the late Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE. Crisply cast with striking animal masks known as taotie and protruding flanges around its body to frame the composition, the present jue would have been commissioned as part of an extensive ritual assembly for a member of the ancient elite.

This ancient provenance is confirmed by the two boldly cast pictograms beneath the handle, which scholar Chen Mengjia (1911–1966) identifies as yi che — the latter character meaning 'chariot' and likely acting as a clan sign. To date, only one other jue attributed to yi che appears to survive, first recorded in Liang Shangzhuang, Yanku jijin tulu, Beijing, 1943, cat. no. 30, reputedly excavated from the Shang capital of Anyang. Compare also a bronze yu in the Freer Collection at the National Museum of Asian Art, Washington D.C. (accession no. F1941.8), bearing an identical clan mark and attributed to the Mid- to Late Anyang period (12th – 11th century BCE) in John Alexander Pope et al., The Freer Gallery Bronzes, Washington D.C., 1967, pl. 61.

Vessels of this design are well represented in important museums worldwide, such as one preserved in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, and illustrated in the Museum’s Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Shang and Chou Dynasty. Bronze Wine Vessels, Taipei, 1989, cat. no. 8, where the vessel is likened to a jue excavated from tomb no. 4 in Dasikong village, Anyang, Henan province. See another in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (accession no. 49.135.15), included in the Museum’s exhibition Arts of Ancient China, New York, 2005 and a further example preserved in the British Museum, London (accession no. 1935,0115.22), included in the Museum’s exhibition Ritual and Revelry: The Art of Drinking in Asia, London, 2012.