茶入筆記 vol.53 東京國立博物館：唐物肩衝茶入 銘「松山」，大多喜藩松平家傳來 - TNM, Karamono Katastuki Chaire ‘Matsuyama’, Heirloom by Matsudaira Family

此件「唐物肩衝茶入」，銘「松山」，為13世紀中國南宋至元時期的陶製茶入，器高8.2公分，口徑4.7公分，底徑4.6公分。唐物大名物級別，松平右衛門御所藏，大正年間歸大河內正敏氏藏。

仔細看，可以發現整體曾經碎過後用大漆修復，據說原片1/4都不見了。這樣的例子並不少見。大阪夏之陣後，家康在大阪城廢墟中取出了付藻、紹鷗茄子並委任藤重父子修復，修復並不影響其價值。

肩衝（かたつき）為一種器肩明顯突出，頸部略短，身形端正的經典茶入形式，尤為室町以降茶道界所重。

自天文期（1532–1555）以降的茶會記錄中，茶入與茶桶、棗、藥籠等器物共同出現，而來自中國的肩衝型茶入尤其受到重視，常與天目、青磁茶碗、高麗茶碗等異國茶器組合使用，成為中世茶之湯文化的典型風格之一。

本器歷經日本上總大多喜藩松平家傳承，具有明確的歷史脈絡與文化價值。其器形端莊、釉色深沉，堪為南宋—元代陶瓷輸日的代表作之一。

大多喜藩的松平家系源自於松平正綱，他是仕於德川家康的大河內秀綱的次子，並在江戶時代統治大多喜藩。尤其是初代藩主松平正久，他曾教授《論語》給第五代將軍綱吉，以及幕末最後一任藩主松平正質，都為人所熟知。

The Matsudaira family of Ōtaki Domain traces its lineage to Matsudaira Masatsuna, the second son of Ōkōchi Hidetuna, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu. The family governed the Ōtaki Domain during the Edo period. Notably, the first lord of the domain, Matsudaira Masahisa, taught the Analects of Confucius to the fifth shogun, Tsunayoshi, and Matsudaira Masakata, the last lord of the domain during the late Edo period, is also well-known.

唐物肩衝茶入 銘 松山

からものかたつきちゃいれ　しょうざん

制作地：中国

南宋～元時代・13世紀

陶製

高8.2 口径4.7 底径4.6

1口

原田吉蔵氏寄贈

TG-2928

《大正名器鑑》收錄，傳承顯赫。

歷史記載：

此肩衝茶入，原由奈良屋源次郎家歷年所藏，惜哉，於文政十二年（1829年）三月二十一日遭遇大火焚毀。事後，在遺址中尋得殘片，惟仍缺少約四分之一。

此次我等上京，遂將此器託帶入京師，並與谷松屋宗朝商議修補事宜。當年松平不昧公曾希望一睹此器真貌，宗朝亦在側，記憶猶新。且宗朝曾將此茶入的釉色與表裏之釉瀑紋樣詳細摹寫備存。因而此次依託宗朝之記錄，得以重建全器。

遂委託名塗師近佐精心修補，缺失部分以木雕填補，並再施釉瀑，連同茶入之目方（重量）、挽家（蓋）、外箱等均依原樣重新製作。器成後攜回江戶，復請小堀宗中撰寫挽家與箱書。

挽家「松山肩衝」之字體，傳為師胡民所寫。此後，願永傳於奈良屋之家族後裔。

This katatsuki tea caddy was for many years in the possession of Naraya Genjirō’s household. Regrettably, it was lost in the great fire that occurred on the 21st day of the third month in the 12th year of the Bunsei era (1829). In the aftermath, fragments of the tea caddy were recovered from the ruins, though approximately one-quarter of the vessel was missing.

On a recent journey to the capital, we brought the surviving fragments and consulted with Tanimat­suy­a Sōchō. Sōchō recalled that when Matsudaira Fumai once expressed a desire to view this tea caddy, he had been present and had taken careful note of its appearance. He had even recorded the pattern of the glaze drips (kusanadare) and other surface details with great precision.

Relying on Sōchō’s documentation, we entrusted the restoration to the master lacquerer Chikasa. The missing section was reconstructed in carved wood and carefully matched with the original glaze pattern. Even the mokuhō (weight), hikae(lid), and outer box were recreated in full fidelity to the original.

After the restoration, the caddy was returned to Edo. We requested Kobori Sōchū to inscribe the lid and storage box. The inscription “Matsuyama Katatsuki” on the hikae was faithfully rendered in the calligraphy of Master Komin.

It is my wish that this piece be transmitted to the descendants of the Naraya family for generations to come.

This tea caddy, titled Karamono Katatsuki Chaire, bears the name Matsuyama and dates to 13th-century China, spanning the Southern Song to Yuan dynasty. It is made of stoneware and measures 8.2 cm in height, with a mouth diameter of 4.7 cm and a base diameter of 4.6 cm. The “katatsuki” (shouldered) form is characterized by a distinct shoulder, relatively short neck, and upright profile—an archetype highly esteemed in the Japanese tea tradition from the Muromachi period onward.

From the Tenbun era (1532–1555) and beyond, records of tea gatherings (chakai-ki) show an increasing diversity of tea utensils, including tea buckets, natsume (tea containers), and medicine chests. Among these, shoulder-type caddies imported from China—like the present piece—were particularly prized and often paired with tenmoku (Jian ware), celadon bowls, and later Korean wares, illustrating the cosmopolitan nature of medieval Japanese tea aesthetics.

This particular chaire was formerly held by the Matsudaira family, daimyō of Ōtaki Domain in Kazusa Province, giving it a well-documented provenance and further elevating its cultural significance. The piece exemplifies the refined ceramic techniques of Southern Song to Yuan China and stands as a representative work among Chinese tea wares transmitted to Japan.

天文期以降の茶会記には、茶桶や棗、薬籠をはじめ、さまざまな種類の茶器が登場します。なかでも中国製と推測される「肩衝」茶入は、天目や青磁茶碗、のちには高麗茶碗などと取り合わせていたことが確認できます。本作品は、かつて上総大多喜藩主松平家に伝来したものです。