唐代筆記 vol.52 大英博物館：克拉克伉儷捐贈，唐代魯山窯葫蘆瓶 - British Museum, Alfred & Ivy Clark Collection, Lushan Gourd-Shaped Vase, Tang Dynasty

這件大英博物館藏品（Museum number: 1973,0723.1）是一件唐代（618-906年）黑釉（lavender glazed，即帶紫色調的黑釉）石胎瓷瓶，產自黃道窯（Huangdao kiln），高19.5厘米，1973年由Ivy Clark購買捐贈或售予博物館。

黑釉葫蘆瓶

時代：唐代（618-906年）

窯口：黃道窯（位於河南省郏縣一帶，屬河南地區唐代重要民窯群）

材質與工藝：石胎（stoneware），施黑釉（帶紫/薰衣草色調），屬於唐代北方黑釉瓷系統，常見於河南魯山、郏縣黃道等窯。黃道窯以黑釉、黃釉及少量斑釉聞名，為唐代北方瓷業創新代表之一。

形制評論：此瓶呈典型葫蘆形（gourd-shaped bottle），上部小口細頸，下部鼓腹，造型優美流暢，體現唐代瓷器注重實用與審美結合的特點。葫蘆瓶在唐代黑釉瓷中較為經典，但完整存世量極稀。由於唐代黑釉瓷多為民窯產品，經千年埋藏與使用，完整器物罕見，尤其是黃道窯此類黑釉葫蘆瓶，傳世品屈指可數，多為博物館級藏品，市場極少出現，珍稀程度高。

魯山窯簡介（英文：Lushan kiln）

魯山窯（主要指河南魯山段店窯）是唐代北方著名窯口，以「魯山花瓷」（黑釉藍斑或彩斑）聞名於世，被譽為宋鈞瓷之祖。該窯燒造黑釉為底、灑藍白斑點的花釉瓷，藝術成就極高，曾為宮廷御用（如魯山花鼓）。魯山窯與黃道窯同屬河南唐代黑釉/花釉系統，技術相近，常被合稱討論，代表唐代北方瓷業高峰。

Black-Glazed Stoneware Bottle (Gourd-Shaped)

Period：Tang dynasty (618-906)

Kiln：Huangdao kiln (Jiaxian, Henan province)

Material and Technique：Stoneware with black glaze showing lavender tones, typical of Tang northern black-glazed wares from Henan kilns like Huangdao and Lushan.

Shape Comment：This vessel features a classic gourd form (葫蘆瓶), with a small mouth, slender neck, and bulbous lower body—elegant and practical. Tang black-glazed gourd bottles are iconic but extremely rare in complete condition. Surviving examples from Huangdao or related kilns are very few, mostly in museum collections, making intact pieces highly prized and scarce due to fragility, burial conditions, and historical usage.

克拉克伉儷簡介（Alfred & Ivy Clark）

阿爾弗雷德·克拉克（Alfred Clark, 1873-1950）與妻子艾薇·克拉克（Ivy Clark, 1890/1-1976）是20世紀英國著名中國陶瓷收藏家夫婦。Alfred原為美國人，後入英國籍，為聲音錄製與電影先驅，同時熱衷東方藝術。夫婦二人自1920年代起收藏中國瓷器，以宋代瓷器最精，兼及唐、明、清，亦積極參與東方陶瓷學會（Oriental Ceramic Society），多次借展於1935-36年皇家學院中國藝術展。Alfred於1950年逝世後，Ivy繼續捐售藏品予大英博物館等多處，包括此件唐代黑釉瓶（1973年購自Ivy Clark）。克拉克夫婦藏品對西方中國陶瓷研究貢獻巨大，大約有超過20件藏品現藏大英博物館，其他於1956、1975年拍賣售出。

Alfred Clark (1873-1950) and his wife Ivy Clark (née Sanders, 1890/1-1976) were prominent British collectors of Chinese ceramics. Alfred, originally American and naturalized British, was a pioneer in sound recording and film. The couple began collecting in the 1920s, focusing on Song ceramics while also acquiring Tang, Ming, and Qing pieces. Active in the Oriental Ceramic Society, they lent works to major exhibitions, including the 1935-36 International Exhibition of Chinese Art at the Royal Academy. The Clark couple's collection has made a tremendous contribution to Western studies of Chinese ceramics. More than 20 pieces from their holdings are now in the British Museum, with others sold at auctions in 1956 and 1975.

魯山窯葫蘆瓶 常見問題 FAQ

Q1: 這件瓶子是葫蘆瓶嗎？為什麼形狀特別？

是的，形似葫蘆（gourd-shaped），上小下大，線條優美。唐代葫蘆瓶多用於盛酒或裝飾，造型受民間喜愛，但完整存世極少。

Yes, it is gourd-shaped. The form—slender neck and bulbous body—is elegant and typical for Tang storage vessels, but complete survivors are very rare.

Q2: 黃道窯與魯山窯有什麼關係？

兩者同屬唐代河南黑釉/花釉系統，黃道窯（郏縣）以黑釉、黃釉為主，魯山窯（段店）以黑釉藍斑花瓷最著名，技術互有影響，常並論為唐北方瓷創新代表。

Both are key Henan Tang kilns for black-glazed wares. Huangdao specialized in black and amber glazes; Lushan is famed for splashed "flower porcelain" (black with blue/white spots), influencing later Jun ware.

Q3: 為什麼說存世量稀少？

唐代民窯瓷器經千年，完整器罕見，尤其是黑釉葫蘆瓶形制，博物館外幾無蹤跡，屬珍稀級別。

Tang wares rarely survive intact due to age, use, and burial. Gourd-shaped black-glazed bottles from Huangdao are exceptionally scarce, mostly museum-held.

Q4: 克拉克伉儷是誰？他們的收藏重要嗎？

英國著名中國陶瓷收藏家，捐贈多件珍品予大英博物館，對西方中國陶瓷研究影響深遠。

Renowned 20th-century collectors; their gifts, including Song and Tang pieces, greatly enhanced the British Museum's holdings and Western scholarship.