拍賣筆記 vol.501 蘇富比香港2026：乾隆御藏，商末周初丁母觶，萬古之幽專場 - Sotheby’s HK 2026, The Ding Mu Zhi, Emperor Qianlong Collection, Late Shang – Early Western Zhou dynasty
乾隆舊藏，著錄屢見，最早可溯至乾隆二十年（1755）《西清古鑑》。帶蓋之觶，形制殊少，估價四百萬至八百萬港元，方為青銅器應有之體面。近歲清宮明清日用器物屢拍天價，而乾隆舊藏商周重器僅止數百萬之數，衡諸史實，實屬諷刺；於藏家而言，則為中國藝術史上罕見之際遇。民國時期識字率不及百分之五，此類重器已屬天價；今日識字率逾九成，而於古器真偽、源流、價值茫然無知者，猶遍於朝野。
帶蓋觶本身即少見，且多為商末至西周初。博物館與拍賣例中，與本器最接近者仍是大都會Addie W. Kahn藏器與弗利爾帶蓋例。近期拍賣中帶蓋觶成交多在數萬美元級別，與本器乾隆舊藏、著錄完整、估價四至八百萬港元的層級明顯不同，本器2022年9月20日於紐約蘇富比上拍，售出價格31.5萬美元，約247萬港元。（SACA觀察，2026.10.24）
博物館藏例
紐約大都會藝術博物館
觶，Covered Wine Vessel (Zhi)，商或西周初，Addie W. Kahn舊藏。
館藏編號：49.135.13a, b
弗利爾美術館（Smithsonian）
觶，Ritual wine cup (zhi) with cover，商晚期（安陽中晚期），C. T. Loo舊藏。
館藏編號：F1938.6a-b
大英博物館
觶（帶蓋，飾鳥紋），西周中期。
館藏編號：1957,1118.1
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1957-1118-1
淄博市博物館（出土例）
魚父辛觶，三字銘，缺蓋。1984年山東桓台史家遺址出土。
見蘇富比本器圖錄比較說明；館藏公開圖像較少。
拍賣紀錄（近類帶蓋或形制相近）
本器前次上拍（31.5萬美元，2022年售出）
Sotheby’s New York, 20 September 2022, lot 1
The Ding Mu Zhi, Early Western Zhou dynasty
Bonhams New York, 15 September 2025, lot 5
An archaic bronze wine vessel and cover, zhi, Late Shang Dynasty（丙銘）
成交價：US$10,240
Christie’s 30.5萬美元售出 24 Mar 2023
A rare bronze ritual wine vessel and cover, zhi, Early Western Zhou dynasty
Sotheby’s（幾何紋／蟬紋帶蓋例）21 - 22 September 2021
Late Shang / Early Western Zhou, 幾何紋觶及蓋
蘇富比1972年5月5日，lot 433（圖錄所舉）
飾饕餮紋，缺蓋。錄於Jessica Rawson, Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, 1990, pl. 99。早期拍賣頁面已難存，僅見著錄。
上手圖：
商末周初 清乾隆御藏丁母觶
The Ding Mu Zhi, An extremely rare imperially documented archaic bronze royal ritual wine vessel and cover, Late Shang – Early Western Zhou dynasty
Premium Lots
Live auction begins on:
2026 October 30, 10:00 AM HKT
Estimate
4,000,000 - 8,000,000 HKD
Description
cast to the interior of the vessel and cover with a two-character inscription reading Ding Mu
銘文：
丁母
17 cm
Condition Report
With a highly attractive, smooth black patina which are characteristics of having been part of the Qing Court Collection. The surface features some expected minor touch-ups to the design that blend harmoniously with its historical patina. A restored section (approx. 6x1 cm) to the foot rim. A small restored chip (approx. 1.3 cm wide) to the mouth rim. A faint crack (approx. 1.5 cm long) to the lower body on one side. A faint crack (approx. 1.8 cm long) to the rim. X-Ray images available upon request.
黑漆古包漿，與其清宮舊藏來源一致。器表紋飾有預期之輕微修飾。圈足有一處經修復之區域（約 6 x 1 公分）。口沿有一處經修復之小磕缺（寬約 1.3 公分）。下腹一側有一道微沖（長約 1.5 公分）。口沿有一道微沖（長約 1.8 公分）。X光照片備索。
來源
清高宗愛新覺羅弘曆收藏（1736-1795在位）
清宮舊藏
安徽定遠方濬益（1836-1899）收藏
四川中江李鴻裔（1831-1885）收藏
浙江吳興張石銘（1872-1927）家族收藏，由其孫張珩 （1915-1963） 遞藏
紐約通運公司（Ton-ying & Co.）舊藏
紐約帕克-博內藝廊 （Parke-Bernet Galleries，1964年被蘇富比收購），1955 年 3 月 30 日，編號 55
紐約重要私人收藏
紐約蘇富比，2022 年 9 月 20 日，編號1
出版
梁詩正等：《西清古鑑》，清刻本，1755 年，卷 26，頁 14；四庫本作卷26，頁27-28
方濬益：《詁籀誃吉金彝器款識》，上海，1899年以前定稿，1925 年出版，頁 8
方濬益：《綴遺齋彝器款識考釋》，1894年定稿，1935 年出版，卷 23，頁 30
鄒安：《周金文存》，上海，1916 年，卷 5，頁 134
容庚：〈西清金文真僞存佚表（附表）〉，《燕京學報》，1929年第5期，頁862
陳承修：《猗文閣金文》，未印稿本， 至 1931 年已集成
鮑鼎：《清朝金文著錄表補遺》，1931 年，卷上，頁 69
王國維撰、羅福頤校補：《三代秦漢金文著錄表》，1933 年，卷 5，頁 4
羅振玉：《貞松堂集古遺文續編》，1934 年，卷中，頁 33
劉體智：《小校經閣金文拓本》，1935 年，卷 5，頁 73
王辰：《續殷文存》，1935 年，卷下，頁 53
羅振玉：《三代吉金文存》，北京，1937 年，卷 14，頁 37
福開森：《歷代著錄吉金目》，長沙，1939 年，頁 393。
羅福頤：《三代吉金文存釋文》，1941 年，卷 14，頁 30
紐約帕克-博內藝廊 （Parke-Bernet Galleries）：《通運公司珍藏拍賣》（From the Collection of Ton-ying & Co.），紐約，1955 年 3 月 30 日，第55號，頁7-8
李玄伯：《史語所藏舊拓冊頁綜合編》，台北，1975 年
周法高：《三代吉金文存著錄表》，台北，1977 年，下冊，頁 575
巴納及張光裕：《中日歐美澳紐所見所拓所摹金文彙編》，台北，1978 年，卷7，編號1192
孫稚雛：《金文著錄簡目》，北京，1981 年，頁 330，編號 5796
嚴一萍：《金文總集》，台北，1983 年，卷8，編號 6370
中國社會科學院考古研究所編：《殷周金文集成》，北京，1984-1994 年，卷11，編號06135
劉雨等：《乾隆四鑒綜理表》，北京，1989 年，頁 102，編號 1015
中國社會科學院考古研究所編：《殷周金文集成釋文》，香港，2001 年，卷 4，編號 6135
劉雨等：《商周金文總著錄表》，北京，2008 年，頁924，編號 6690
吳鎮烽：《商周青銅器銘文暨圖像集成》，上海，2012 年，卷 19，編號 10273
陳英傑編：《容庚青銅器學》，北京，2015 年，頁 688
御藏傳世：清宮舊藏丁母觶
此青銅重器名為「丁母觶」，曾為清高宗乾隆帝（1736-1795年在位）御覽舊藏，並首錄於乾隆十四年至二十年間（1749-1755年）由內廷詞臣奉敕編纂之金石圖錄《西清古鑑》（卷二十六：觶，頁十四）。該書以白描手法繪錄清宮所藏青銅器約一千五百件。本品於該圖錄中定名為「周女觶」，並附有器蓋與器身銘文拓片及詳細尺寸（圖一）。其兩字銘文現釋作「丁母」，「丁」或為當時之氏族名或地名。
此類器形始見於商代晚期（約公元前1600-1046年），並盛行於整個西周時期（約公元前1046-771年）。觶乃高等貴族所用之飲酒禮器。戰國時期（公元前475-221年）記述周代社會規範、政府制度及禮儀之典籍《禮記》載：「宗廟之祭，尊者舉觶，卑者舉角」，足證本器原主身分之顯赫。
現存至少有三例紋飾佈局相近、且口沿下飾鋸齒紋的青銅觶可資比較：其一為「魚父辛觶」，鑄三字銘文，缺蓋，1984年出土於山東省桓台縣史家遺址，現藏山東淄博市博物館；其二器身飾相類饕餮紋，亦缺蓋，錄於傑西卡·羅森（Jessica Rawson），《Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections》，華盛頓，1990年，圖版99，後售於紐約蘇富比1972年5月5日，編號433；其三連蓋，器形較高且修長，無銘文，曾為 Addie W. Kahn 舊藏，現存紐約大都會藝術博物館（館藏編號49.135.13）。
Former Qianlong imperial collection; recorded in multiple publications, the earliest being the Xiqing Gujian of 1755. Covered zhi vessels are rare in form; an estimate of HK$4–8 million is the dignified level such bronzes properly command.
In recent years, Qing palace everyday objects of the Ming and Qing have repeatedly achieved astronomical prices, while Shang and Zhou ritual bronzes from the Qianlong collection remain in the low millions. Viewed historically, the disparity is ironic; for collectors, it represents a rare opportunity in the history of Chinese art.
In the beginning of 20th century, when literacy stood below five percent, such vessels already commanded sky-high prices. Today, with literacy above ninety percent, those who remain wholly ignorant of authenticity, provenance, and value in ancient bronzes are still to be found throughout society.
Provenance
Collection of Qing Gaozong, Aisin Gioro Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736-1795).
Qing Court Collection.
Collection of Fang Junyi (1836-1899).
Collection of Li Hongyi (1831-1885).
Collection of Zhang Shiming (1872-1927), Wuxing, Zhejiang, thence by descent to Zhang Heng (1915-1963), grandson of Zhang Shiming.
Ton-Ying & Co., New York.
Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, 30th March 1955, lot 55.
New York Private Collection.
Sotheby’s New York, 20th September 2022, lot 1
Literature
Liang Shizheng et al., Xiqing gujian [Catalogue of antiques in the Xiqing pavilion], vol. 26, 1755, p. 14; vol. 26, pp. 27-28 for the edition of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries.
Zou An, Zhou jinwen cun [Surviving bronze inscriptions from the Zhou dynasty], vol. 5, Shanghai, 1916, p. 134.
Fang Junyi, Guzhouyi jijin yiqi kuanzhi [Archaic bronze inscriptions from the Guzhouyi], manuscript completed before 1899, Shanghai, 1925, p. 8.
Rong Geng, "Xiqing jinwen zhenwei cunyi biao (fubiao)" [Table of authentic, forged, extant, and lost bronze inscriptions in the Xiqing (appendix)], Yanjing xuebao, no. 5, 1929, p. 862.
Chen Chengxiu, Yiwenge jinwen [Bronze inscriptions from the Yiwen Pavilion], unpublished manuscript, compiled by 1931.
Bao Ding, Qingchao jinwen zhulubiao buyi [Addendum to the catalogue of bronze inscriptions from the Qing dynasty], vol. 1, 1931, p. 69.
Wang Guowei, with corrections and additions by Luo Fuyi, Sandai Qin Han jinwen zhulubiao [Catalogue of bronze inscriptions from the Three Dynasties, Qin, and Han], vol. 5, 1933, p. 4.
Luo Zhenyu, Zhensongtang jigu yiwen xubian [Sequel to the gathering of ancient writings in the Zhensongtang], vol. 2, 1934, p. 33.
Fang Junyi, Zhuiyizhai yiqi kuanzhi kaoshi [Study of the archaic bronze inscriptions from the Zhuiyi Studio], manuscript completed in 1894, vol. 23, 1935, p. 30.
Liu Tizhi, Xiaojiaojingge jinwen taben [Rubbings of archaic bronze inscriptions in the Xiaojiaojingge], vol. 5, 1935, p. 73.
Wang Chen, Xuyinwencun [Continuation of the surviving writings from the Yin dynasty], vol. 2, 1935, p. 53.
Luo Zhenyu, Sandai jijin wencun [Surviving bronze inscriptions from the Three Dynasties], vol. 14, Beijing, 1937, p. 37.
John Calvin Ferguson, Lidai zhulu jijin mu [Catalogue of recorded bronzes through the dynasties], Changsha, 1939, p. 393.
Luo Fuyi, Sandai jijin wencun shiwen [Interpretations of the surviving bronze inscriptions from the Three Dynasties], vol. 14, 1941, p. 30.
Parke-Bernet Galleries, From the Collection of Ton-ying & Co., New York, 30th March 1955, pp. 7-8.
Li Hsuan-po, Shih-yu-sho t'sang-chiu t'o-pen ts'e-yeh tsung-ho p'ien [A collection of old rubbings in the Fu Ssu-nien Library, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica], Taipei, 1975.
Zhou Fagao, Sandai jijin wencun zhulubiao [Catalogue of the surviving bronze inscriptions from the Three Dynasties], vol. 2, Taipei, 1977, p. 575.
Noel Barnard and Cheung Kwong-Yue, Rubbings and Hand Copies of Bronze Inscriptions in Chinese, Japanese, European, American and Australasian Collections, vol. 7, Taipei, 1978, no. 1192.
Sun Zhichu, Jinwen zhulu jianmu [Records of Bronze Inscriptions], Beijing, 1981, p. 330, no. 5796 (vessel recorded).
Yan Yiping, Jinwen zongji [Corpus of bronze inscriptions], vol. 8, Taipei, 1983, no. 6370.
Liu Yu et al., Qianlong sijian zonglibiao [Comprehensive table of the four Qianlong catalogues], Beijing, 1989, p. 102, no. 1015.
The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed., Yinzhou jinwen jichengshiwen [Interpretations of the compendium of Yin and Zhou bronze inscriptions], vol. 4, Hong Kong, 2001, no. 6135.
The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed., Yinzhou jinwen jicheng [Compendium of Bronze Inscriptions from Yin and Zhou Dynasties], Beijing, 2007, no. 06135. (Note: Retained your 2007 edition citation here as the primary reference for this work).
Liu Yu et. al., Shangzhou jinwen zong zhulubiao [Comprehensive list of recorded Shang and Zhou bronze inscriptions], Beijing, 2008, p. 924, no. 6690 (vessel recorded).
Wu Zhenfeng, Shang Zhou qingtong qi mingwen ji tuxiang jicheng [Compendium of important inscriptions and images of bronzes from the Shang and Zhou dynasties], vol. 19, Shanghai, 2012, no. 10273.
Chen Yingjie, ed., Rong Geng qingtongqi xue [Rong Geng's study of bronzes], Beijing, 2015, p. 688.
Imperial Legacy: The Ding Mu Zhi from the Qianlong Emperor's Collection
Known as the Ding Mu Zhi, this rare archaic bronze vessel was once in the collection of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736-1795) and was first published in Xiqing gujian 西清古鑑 (Catalogue of antiques in the Xiqing pavilion) (vol. 26: zhi vessels, p. 14), one of the Emperor’s bronze catalogues compiled by court artists between the 14th and 20th year of his reign (1749-55). The catalogue comprised line drawings of some 1,500 bronzes in the imperial collection. The present vessel is entitled Zhou Nü Zhi 周女觶 (zhi of a lady from the Zhou dynasty) in the catalogue, illustrated alongside rubbings of the pictograms cast on its lid and body and detailed with its overall measurements (fig. 1). The two-character inscription is now read as Ding Mu, 'Mother (from) Ding', with Ding possibly being either the name of a clan or a location at the time.
Vessels of this form appeared around the late Shang dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC) and continued to be popular throughout the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-771 BC). Zhi are ritual vessels used by high-ranking people for wine. The Liji 禮記 (The Book of Rites), a collection of texts compiled in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) describing social norms, governmental organization and ritual conduct during the Zhou dynasty (c.1046-221 BC), states: "During the ceremonies held in ancestral temples, the superior men raise zhi, and the inferior men raise jiao" (宗廟之祭，尊者舉觶，卑者舉角) – signifying the prestigious social status of the original owner of the present vessel.
There are at least three known examples of zhi cast with similar registers of design and with a 'dog-tooth' band below the rim: Yu Fu Xin Zhi 魚父辛觶, a vessel bearing a three-character inscription, lacking a cover, excavated in 1984 from the ruins of Shijia, Huantai county, Shandong province, now in the Zibo Museum, Shandong province; another cast with related taotie masks on its body, also lacking a cover, illustrated in Jessica Rawson, Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, Washington D.C., 1990, pl. 99, and sold in these rooms, 5th May 1972, lot 433; and a taller zhi with cover, of more slender form and without an inscription, formerly in the collection of Addie W. Kahn, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (accession no. 49.135.13).
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