唐代筆記 vol.50 瑞特伯格博物館：唐代六瓣菱花形銀鍱鳥獸紋袖珍銅鏡，瑞士Uldry收藏 - Rietberg Museum, Uldry Collection, Six-Lobed Bronze Mirror with Repoussé Silver Birds and Mythical Beasts Decoration, Tang Dynasty

這件袖珍銅鏡（Sechsfach gelappter Spiegel mit Vögeln und Fabeltieren）是一件唐代經典小型藝術珍品，現為瑞士蘇黎世Rietberg博物館長期借展（Inventory number: U 186GS），出自Pierre Uldry收藏（現由其繼承人管理）。它代表了盛唐至中唐時期（7世紀後半至8世紀前半）銅鏡從實用向奢華藝術化的轉型，融合中原工藝與絲路異域風格。

這是一面極為精緻的唐代袖珍菱花銅鏡，整體呈六瓣菱花形（六出或六曲菱花式），尺寸僅5.9 × 5.9 cm，重70 g，便於隨身攜帶或作為貴族女性/文人的掌中珍玩。鏡身以青銅鑄成，鏡背貼附錘鍱（repoussé）銀片（Silberauflage），透過從背面錘打薄銀板成型高浮雕，再正面追刻細部，創造立體生動的紋飾。主題為飛鳥與瑞獸（Vögeln und Fabeltieren），包括禽鳥、神鳥（如鳳凰或鸚鵡類）、神話靈獸（如狻猊、麒麟或類似翼獸），姿態靈動，或飛翔、奔躍、追逐，間飾花葉、蓮瓣或捲草，背景常以細密魚子紋（punched ring-matting）或珠紋襯底，增添華貴光影效果。

這種銀鍱貼片工藝源自唐代金銀器高峰，充分展現盛唐奢華審美與西域（粟特、波斯）影響的融合，是唐鏡藝術的代表作之一。曾在2019年Rietberg博物館「Spiegel - Der Mensch im Widerschein」（鏡——人在映照中）展覽中亮相。錘鍱工藝源自前朝，參考SACA學會：「唐代筆記 vol.40 根津美術館：唐代鎚鍱銅鎏金五尊佛像，對比兩尊銅鎏金北魏飛天 - Nezu Museum, Tang Dynasty Hammered Gilt Bronze Five Buddha Pentad」

This is an exquisite miniature Tang dynasty lobed bronze mirror with repoussé silver overlay, measuring only 5.9 × 5.9 cm and weighing 70 g, making it a perfect pocket or palm mirror for personal adornment or elite use. The mirror body is cast in bronze with a distinctive six-lobed floral (菱花/linghua) shape, a popular Tang innovation symbolizing blooming flowers and prosperity.

The back is adorned with a sheet of repoussé silver (hammered from the reverse to create high-relief, then chased on the front for details), depicting lively birds and mythical beasts (including phoenix-like birds, parrots, felines, winged fabulous creatures, or similar auspicious animals), dynamically posed amid floral scrolls, lotus, or tendrils, against a punched ring-matted ground for rich texture and luster. This technique, peaking in Tang gold and silver wares, reflects the era's cosmopolitan luxury and Silk Road influences. It exemplifies the transition of Chinese mirrors from utilitarian objects to artistic treasures and was featured in the 2019 Museum Rietberg exhibition "Mirror – The Reflected Self."

唐代六瓣菱花形銀鍱鳥獸紋袖珍銅鏡

Tang Dynasty Six-Lobed Bronze Mirror with Repoussé Silver Birds and Mythical Beasts Decoration

尺寸 / Dimensions：5.9 × 5.9 cm（總尺寸 / overall）

重量 / Weight：70 g

材質與技法 / Material and Technique：青銅本體，錘鍱銀片貼附（Bronze with repoussé silver overlay）

年代 / Date：唐代，7世紀後半至8世紀前半（Tang dynasty, second half 7th / first half 8th century）

產地 / Place of Manufacture：中國（China, Asia）

收藏編號 / Inventory Number：U 186GS

現藏 / Current Location：瑞士蘇黎世Rietberg博物館（長期借展 / on long-term loan）

傳承 / Provenance：

未知時間：Alice與Pierre Uldry收藏（獲取方式未知）

2006年12月19日起：Rietberg博物館長期借展

2019年：Pierre Uldry繼承人（通過繼承取得）

相關出版 / Key Bibliography：

Uldry, Pierre. Chinesisches Gold und Silber. Die Sammlung Pierre Uldry. Zürich, 1994（圖版186 / pl. 186）

Brinker, Helmut. Bronzen aus dem alten China. Museum Rietberg Zürich, 1975

Eskenazi (ed.). Chinese and Korean Art from the collections of Dr Franco Vanotti, Hans Popper and others, 1989

Dubosc, Jean-Pierre. Mostra d'arte cinese - Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1954

FAQ（常見問題） / Frequently Asked Questions

這面鏡子為什麼這麼小？ / Why is this mirror so small? 唐代出現許多袖珍型銅鏡（掌鏡或懷鏡），貴族女性或文人常用絲囊佩掛腰間，便於隨時梳妝或賞玩，體現個人奢華品味。 / Tang miniature mirrors (pocket or palm mirrors) were popular among elites, carried in silk pouches for personal grooming or as luxury accessories.

什麼是錘鍱銀片？ / What is repoussé silver overlay? 錘鍱（repoussé）是從銀片背面錘打出高浮雕圖案，再正面細刻細節，貼於銅鏡背面，形成立體華麗效果，是唐代金銀工藝經典技法。 / Repoussé involves hammering thin silver from the back to raise designs in high relief, then chasing details on the front; the sheet is applied to the bronze back, a hallmark Tang luxury technique.

紋飾上的鳥獸有什麼象徵？ / What do the birds and mythical beasts symbolize? 飛鳥常代表吉祥、自由或鳳凰瑞應；瑞獸（如狻猊、翼獸）象徵權力、辟邪與富貴，融合中原與西域神話，體現唐代多元文化。 / Birds often signify auspiciousness or phoenix-like divinity; mythical beasts (e.g., lion-like or winged creatures) symbolize power, protection, and prosperity, blending Chinese and Central Asian motifs.

為什麼是六瓣菱花形？ / Why the six-lobed shape? 菱花鏡是盛唐創新造型，六出（或八出）弧瓣象徵花朵綻放，打破傳統圓鏡，增添動感與華美，流行於7-8世紀貴族圈。 / The six-lobed floral shape (linghua) was a Tang innovation, evoking blooming petals for elegance and vitality, popular among elites from the late 7th to early 8th centuries.

這面鏡子有修復或損壞嗎？ / Is the mirror restored or damaged? 根據博物館記錄，保存完整，銀片與銅鏡貼合良好，無明顯損壞，是極佳狀態的唐代原件。 / Per museum records, it is in excellent condition with intact silver overlay and no major damage—an outstanding surviving Tang original.