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茶入筆記 vol.31 井伊直弼:唐物鶴首茶入 - Ii Naosuke, Karamono Tsurukubi Chaire



唐物鹤首茶入


此器腹部圆润饱满,颈部自肩部笔直向上。约在器身下四分之一处留有素坯,颈部上缘与腹部釉面接合处环绕一周刻线。黑褐色釉面上出现宛如鹌鹑羽毛般的斑驳纹理。颈部可见后世以漆修补的痕迹,足以体现此器在历史上一直被珍视并长期使用。随器附带白地织文子仕覆以及萌葱色地笹竜胆纹金襴仕覆各一。


尺寸:高 8.0 厘米,口径 3.0 厘米

时代:中国・宋代

来源:井伊家传世旧藏

收藏:彦根城博物馆



常見問題(FAQ)

1. 這件器物是什麼?

答:這是一件「鶴首茶入」(日語稱作 tsurukubi chaire),因其頸部修長如鶴頸而得名。它是日本茶道中用於盛放抹茶(粉末茶)的小型陶瓷容器。


2. 這件鶴首茶入有哪些主要外觀特徵?

答:高度約 8.0 公分,口徑約 3.0 公分。

造型上,器身圓潤飽滿,頸部自肩部向上筆直延伸。

器身下部約四分之一處保留了未施釉的素胎(素地)。

在頸部頂端與胴部釉色交界處,可見一圈圍繞器身的刻線(彫り筋)。

整體施以黑褐色釉,釉面上出現如鶉羽毛般的斑紋(鶉文)。


3. 這件茶入的時代與產地為何?

答:根據文獻與傳承記錄,此茶入可追溯至中國宋代。


4. 這件茶入現藏於何處?最初的所有者是誰?

答:該茶入目前收藏於日本的彥根城博物館(Hikone Castle Museum),原本隸屬於日本名門井伊家(井伊家傳來資料)之傳世珍藏。


5. 從文獻中可推知這件茶入的使用與保存歷史嗎?

答:頸部帶有後世以漆修補的痕跡(後世の漆接ぎ),這顯示這件茶入在歷史上被長期珍視與使用,損壞後也以極為謹慎的方式進行修復,足見其重要性。


6. 茶入表面的裝飾或釉面有何特色?

答:茶入表面的黑褐色釉呈現特殊的斑駁花紋,形似鶉羽毛,故可稱為鶉文。這種獨特的紋飾是鑑賞與辨識此類古陶瓷時的重要特徵。


7. 這件茶入附帶了哪些茶道相關配件?

答:此茶入配有兩個專門用來保護與襯托茶入的仕覆(shifuku,茶入袋):

白地織文子仕覆(白地織文子)

萌葱色地笹竜胆文金襴仕覆(萌葱地笹竜胆文金襴)


8. 這些仕覆有何意義或功能?

答:仕覆是茶道中為保護、收藏與呈現茶入所製作的布袋,材質與花樣常反映茶入的珍貴程度與所屬時代的審美情趣。白地織文子仕覆外觀樸素典雅,常用於日常或較樸實的場合;而金襴仕覆(帶有金線織成的華麗錦緞)則多用於正式或隆重的茶席,彰顯茶入的尊貴地位。


這件鶴首茶入以宋代中國的陶瓷工藝為基礎,具有頸部修長、器形飽滿以及黑褐色鶉羽斑釉的特徵。作為井伊家傳世之珍藏,曾歷經後世以漆修補的使用痕跡,展現其在日本茶道史與收藏史中的地位。隨附的仕覆進一步體現了茶道器物在保存與陳設上的講究,也彰顯了器物本身的藝術與文化價值。


鶴首茶入1口  高8.0 口径3.0cm  中国・宋時代  井伊家伝来資料

彥根城博物館 藏


丸く膨らんだに、まっすぐに立ち上がる頸部を持ちます。胴の下4分の1

ほどに素地を残し頸部上辺と胴の釉際に彫り筋がめぐり、黒褐色の釉薬には鶉(うずら)の羽毛のような斑文様が生じています。頸部には後世の漆接ぎが見られ、大切に使用されてきた歴史を物語ります。白地織文子仕覆、

萌葱地笹竜胆文金襴仕覆が付属します。



Frequently Asked Questions:

What is the object?

The object described is a tsurukubi chaire, or a "crane-necked tea caddy." This particular tea caddy is a small ceramic container with a distinctive shape featuring a rounded body and a straight, upright neck. It was used in the Japanese tea ceremony to hold powdered tea.


What are the key physical characteristics of the chaire?

The chaire has a height of 8.0 cm and a mouth diameter of 3.0 cm. It features a rounded body with a straight, upright neck. The bottom quarter of the body retains its unglazed base (素地). There are carved lines (彫り筋) around the neck's top edge and where the glaze begins on the body. It's covered in a black-brown (黒褐色) glaze displaying a distinctive quail feather (鶉) like mottled pattern.


What is the age and origin of the chaire?

The chaire dates back to the Song Dynasty in China.


Where is this specific chaire currently located and who was its original owner?

This particular chaire is currently held at the Hikone Castle Museum. It has a historical connection to the Ii family (井伊家), suggesting it was passed down within their lineage. The text states it is part of the "Ii family transmitted materials" (井伊家伝来資料).


What does the text suggest about the chaire's history of use?

The presence of a later lacquer repair (後世の漆接ぎ) on the neck indicates the chaire was highly valued and carefully used over an extended period. This repair demonstrates its importance and the care taken to preserve it.


What decorative pattern is present on the chaire?

The chaire features a distinctive mottled pattern on its blackish-brown glaze that resembles the feather pattern of a quail (鶉). This characteristic is important for identification and visual appreciation.


What accompanying items come with the chaire?

The chaire is accompanied by two shifuku (仕覆), or tea caddy bags. One shifuku is made from white woven fabric (白地織文子), and the second shifuku is made from a deep green (萌葱地) brocade featuring the sasarinndo (笹竜胆) pattern. These bags provided protection and added to the presentation of the chaire. The "kinran" (金襴) descriptor suggests the fabric is a rich brocade with gold threads woven in.


What significance do the accompanying shifuku hold?

The two accompanying shifuku, or tea caddy bags, are important as they were specifically made for the tea caddy. The white woven bag provides a simple elegance and the more elaborate "kinran" (brocade) bag is for special or ceremonial occasions. The bags demonstrate how highly these objects were valued and the care that was given to their preservation. The patterns and materials of the bags can also hold symbolic meaning.

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