青銅筆記 vol.32 根津美術館：商代晚期安陽殷墟饕餮紋方罍，重要文化財 - Nezu Museum, Anyang Yinxu Tatie Bronze Fang Lei, Important Cultural Property, Shang Dynasty

商代晚期 安陽殷墟

饕餮紋方罍

根津美術館藏　

重要文化財

高 51.3 公分　口徑 16.4 × 13.2 公分

青銅　

傳河南省安陽市大司空村出土

罍（léi）為盛酒之器，其形與瓿（bù）相似，但若器高明顯大於腹徑，則稱為罍。罍多用於祭祀盛貯酒液，器身下部設環狀鋬耳，以便傾注。

此器為方形大罍，頸部呈長方形，底部為正方形且內凹成碁筍底式。肩兩側附犠首飾耳，腹下設犠首形鋬。口緣四面飾雷紋地，橫鑄象形銘「■又」；肩部中央飾犠首，其上飾夔鳳文，下飾圓渦紋與顧首夔文交錯排列。腹部環飾饕餮文帶，下緣飾三角夔文。蓋作屋脊形，四面飾饕餮文、圓渦文與顧首夔文相間。全器紋飾淺浮、無突棱或凸帶，風格屬安陽期前段之典型。

器內鑄象形文字銘，與口緣所見相同，學者或讀為「‘羊支’又」。此罍傳自河南安陽大司空村，為殷墟青銅藝術成熟期的重要代表。

大司空村與侯家莊同屬安陽殷墟遺址的重要區域，分別位於洹河兩岸，構成王都空間結構的兩個核心。大司空村在今安陽市殷都區北部，為殷墟都邑腹地的聚落與手工業區，出土有房基、道路、灰坑、骨器與銅器製作遺跡，並見刻辭牛骨，顯示此地兼具居住、製作與文字活動功能。

侯家莊則位於洹河北岸的西北岡台地，自1930年代以來發掘出多座商王及貴族大墓，是殷王陵區的中心。二者在空間上隔河相望：侯家莊象徵王權與葬制的核心，而大司空村則代表都城內生活與工業活動的基層結構。若此方罍確實出自大司空村，則應屬都城內銅器製作或流通系統的遺存，而非王陵隨葬器物，因而更能反映殷代青銅禮器在王都生活層面的使用脈絡。

Bronze Fang Lei with Taotie Design

Late Shang dynasty, Yinxu, Anyang

Nezu Museum, Important Cultural Property

Height 51.3 cm; mouth 16.4 × 13.2 cm

Bronze;

said to have been unearthed at Dasikongcun, Anyang, Henan Province

The lei is a type of ritual wine vessel similar in shape to a bu, but with a taller proportion relative to the width of the body. It was used for storing and pouring wine in sacrificial ceremonies, with ring-shaped handles affixed to the lower section for pouring convenience.

This example is square in form, with a rectangular mouth, square base slightly concave inward in the so-called “bamboo-shoot” (qixun) style. Two looped handles with gishou (sacrificial animal-head) ornaments are attached to the shoulders, while another pair of gishou-form handles appear at the lower body. The mouth rim is decorated with a leiwen (thunder pattern) ground containing a horizontal pictographic inscription reading “■又.” The shoulders feature a central animal mask flanked above by kui-phoenix motifs and below by alternating spiral and rear-facing kui (gushou kui) patterns. A continuous taotie band encircles the body, with triangular kui motifs below. The roof-shaped cover mirrors these motifs, alternating taotie, spiral, and rear-facing kui designs.

The shallowly cast relief and absence of ridges or raised bands identify the vessel as belonging to the earlier phase of the Anyang period. A pictographic inscription cast inside the body, identical to that on the rim, has been interpreted by some scholars as reading Ling Yu (‘羊支’又). Said to have been unearthed at Dasikongcun, Anyang, this fang lei stands as a superb exemplar of mature Shang bronze craftsmanship.

Both Dasikongcun and Houjiazhuang are integral components of the Yinxu site at Anyang, situated on opposite banks of the Huan River and together defining the spatial hierarchy of the Shang capital. Dasikongcun, located in the northern part of modern Anyang’s Yindu District, represents a residential and industrial quarter within the urban hinterland. Excavations have revealed house foundations, roads, pits, bone and bronze workshops, and inscribed oracle bones, indicating a multifunctional zone of habitation, craftsmanship, and record-keeping. Houjiazhuang, on the elevated northwest terrace of the Huan’s north bank, is renowned as the royal cemetery area, where large royal and aristocratic tombs have been unearthed since the 1930s. The two sites face each other across the river: Houjiazhuang embodies royal authority and funerary ritual, while Dasikongcun reflects the working and artisanal strata of the capital. If this fang lei indeed originated from Dasikongcun, it should be understood not as a tomb offering but as part of the bronze production and circulation system within the metropolitan context—an artifact illuminating the ritual life of the Shang court in its living rather than sepulchral dimension.

饕餮文方罍　

とうてつもんほうらい

中国

殷時代

青銅

総高51.3㎝　口幅16.4×13.2㎝

東京都港区南青山6-5-60

根津美術館

重要文化財

罍は瓿と同じような形であるが、胴径よりも器高が大きい場合には罍と称している。罍も酒甕となる容器で、胴下部に環状の把手があり、これを持って中の酒を盃に注いだといわれる。

これは胴が膨らんだ方形の器体で、口縁部が長方形であるのに底部は正方形で、底は内へ凹んだ碁筍底風になっている。両肩に犠首飾りを付けた耳があり、胴下部に犠首飾りの把手が付く。口縁部の四側面には雷文の地に「■又」の象形文字を横向きにいれ、肩には中央の犠首をはさんで上部には夔鳳文が、下部には円渦文と後ろを振り向いた姿の夔文（顧首夔文）を交互に並べている。胴部には饕餮文帯をめぐらし、その下には三角夔を配している。蓋は屋根形をして四面に饕餮文に円渦文と顧首夔文を交互に並べている。文様はいずれも肉薄にあらわされ、凸帯や突稜もないので、安陽期の前半の様式とされている。器の内面には象形文字の鋳造銘があり、口縁部の文字と同じで、これを「牧」と読む研究者もいるという。河南省安陽市大司空村出土と伝える器である。