宋代筆記 vol.99 德川美術館：南宋龍泉窯青磁香爐，銘「白菊」，尾張德川家傳來 - Tokugawa Family, the Shiragiku Koro（Incense Burner）, Kinuta Seiji.

SACA Podcast - 德川家白菊香爐 _ Tokugawa Koro Shiragiku

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此香爐的口緣部向內折成合口，筒形的爐身上環繞有陰刻線條，並配有圓柱形的高臺。它的三足設計為如意形，但實際上未與地面接觸，僅作為裝飾。此香爐的造型似乎模仿了宋代銀器或古代金屬器皿，類似款式在北宋的汝窯和南宋官窯中也有燒製。

此作品被認為是尾張德川家第三代家主德川綱識在世時轉贈給第四代家主德川吉通（五郎太）的道具之一。它曾在元祿11年（1698）3月18日的御成中，由第五代將軍德川綱吉帶至江戶麴町邸使用。

白菊銘香（白菊） 

是日本香道史上極負盛名的「名香」之一，屬於「一木三銘」（或「一木四銘」）傳說中的核心伽羅（極品沈香/agarwood）。它與細川家（Hosokawa clan）的收藏傳承密切相關，並涉及後水尾天皇（Go-Mizunoo Tennō）的傳說。

歷史背景與取得經過

1624年（寛永元年），越南（安南）貿易船抵達長崎，帶來一株極品伽羅大木（據傳品質可與室町時代的國寶「蘭奢待」相提並論）。當時細川家（細川三斎／忠利相關時期，細川家當主或其子嗣）與伊達政宗（Date Masamune）家臣競爭購買。

細川家派出家臣興津弥五右衛門（Kōtsuki / Otsuki Ya goemon）負責採買。他力爭取得品質較優的「本木」（主幹部分），伊達家則取得「末木」（末端部分）。交易過程中發生衝突：興津與同僚或對手橫田清兵衛起爭執，興津殺死橫田。事後興津向主君請求切腹謝罪，但細川三斎（或當時當主）體諒其忠心與對名香的執著，加以赦免並讚賞。興津後來在三斎一周忌時殉死，留下遺書。

此故事以《翁草》（1772年成書）等古文獻為基礎，後被森鷗外寫成小說《興津弥五右衛門的遺書》，成為香道與武士忠義的經典逸話。

命名傳說與天皇、細川家的關聯

• 初期命名：細川家最初將本木命名為「初音」（Hatsune），取自古歌「聞くたびに珍しければ郭公、いつも初音の心地こそすれ」。

• 天皇介入與改名「白菊」：1626年（寛永三年），後水尾天皇行幸二條城（此為歷史事實，德川家為迎接天皇而大規模修繕二條城）。細川家將此名香獻上或演示，天皇聞香後大為感銘，引用一首古歌（或受其啟發）：「たぐいありと 誰かはいはん 末匂う 秋よりのちの 白菊 の花」（無與倫比，誰敢說不然？那在秋後仍散發幽香的白菊之花），遂賜名或建議改為「白菊」（Shiragiku，白菊）。此後「白菊」成為細川家傳世名香，也被視為「勅命香」（天皇親自或受天皇啟發命名的香）。

細川家的傳承：白菊成為細川家重要的家藏名香，象徵其在茶道、香道與文雅方面的修養。細川家（尤其是與三斎相關的系譜）長期珍藏並傳承此香，與其婚禮調度、蒔繪香道具等文化財一同構成細川家香文化的重要部分。

一木三銘／四銘的整體脈絡與異說

同一株伽羅的不同部分或相關香木，被不同家門命名，形成「一木三銘」或「一木四銘」傳說：

• 細川家：白菊（本木）

• 伊達家：柴舟（Shibafune，末木；政宗或其圈子命名，取自謠曲《兼平》「世のわざのうきを身につむ柴舟は たかぬさきよりこがれゆくらん」）

• 前田家或其他：初音（有異說歸於小堀遠州或前田家）

• 宮中/四銘版：頂端或特別部分獻給朝廷，命名「藤袴」（Fujibakama），據傳為天皇勅銘

青磁香炉銘白菊

龍泉窯 中国 南宋時代

徳川美術館

Incense Burner, Known as "Shiragiku"

Celadon / Longquan Ware, China

Late 13th Century-Early 14th Century

H. 6.5 cm

Tokugawa Art Museum

This incense burner has a folded rim turned inward, with an indented line around the cylindrical body and a cylindrical base. It features three ruyi-shaped legs that are separately crafted and attached, but they do not actually touch the ground, serving solely as decoration. The design seems to emulate Song Dynasty silverware or ancient metal artifacts, with similar shapes seen in Northern Song Ru kiln and Southern Song Guan kiln pieces.

The piece is believed to be one of the tools passed down by the third-generation Owari Tokugawa family head, Tokugawa Tsunanori, to the fourth-generation head, Tokugawa Yoshimichi ("Gorōta"). It was used during an audience with the fifth shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, at the Edo residence in Kōjimachi on March 18, Genroku 11 (1698).

口縁部は内側へ折り込んだ寄せ口で、円筒形の胴部に沈線をめぐらせ、円柱形の高台が付く香炉である。別作りで如意形の脚が三箇所に付くが、実際には地に接せず浮いており装飾となっている。古代の金属器に倣った宋代の銀製品などを写したとものと思われるが、北宋時代の汝窯、南宋官窯などでも同形のものが焼造されている。

本作品は尾張徳川家三代綱識が生前に、尾張家

四代吉通（「五郎太」）へ譲与した道具の一つと考えられている。元禄11年（1698）3月18日に行われた五代将軍徳川綱吉による江戸‧麹町邸への御成の道具として用いられている。

香木 銘 白菊（加羅）江戶時代入藏 永青文庫 細川家

Shiragiku Incense Burner FAQ

1. What is the Shiragiku incense burner?

The Shiragiku incense burner, also known as "White Chrysanthemum" incense burner, is a celadon ceramic piece made in the Longquan kilns of China during the late 13th to early 14th century (Southern Song Dynasty).

2. What are the key features of the Shiragiku incense burner's design?

The incense burner has a cylindrical body with a folded rim that turns inward. It features an indented line around the body and a cylindrical base. Three decorative ruyi-shaped legs are attached but do not touch the ground.

3. What materials were used to make the incense burner?

The incense burner is made of celadon, a type of ceramic known for its pale green glaze.

4. What was the inspiration for the design of the incense burner?

The design of the incense burner appears to be influenced by Song Dynasty silverware and ancient metal artifacts. Similar shapes can be found in pieces from the Northern Song Ru kilns and Southern Song Guan kilns.

5. Where is the Shiragiku incense burner currently located?

The Shiragiku incense burner is currently housed in the Tokugawa Art Museum in Japan.

6. How did the incense burner come into the possession of the Tokugawa family?

It is believed that Tokugawa Tsunanori, the third head of the Owari Tokugawa family, passed the incense burner down to his successor, Tokugawa Yoshimichi.

7. Was the Shiragiku incense burner used for any specific events?

Records indicate that the fifth shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, used the incense burner during an audience at his Edo residence in Kōjimachi on March 18, 1698.

8. What makes the Shiragiku incense burner a significant artifact?

The Shiragiku incense burner is a remarkable example of Southern Song Dynasty celadon craftsmanship. Its historical connection to the Tokugawa shogunate further enhances its cultural and artistic importance.