茶入筆記 vol.39 五島美術館:唐物大海茶入 銘「稻葉大海(稲葉大海)」,織田信長、稲葉一鉄傳承 - Gotoh Museum, Karamono Daikai Chaire Inaba Daikai, Heirloom by Oda Nobunaga
- SACA
- Jun 3
- 5 min read

本器為南宋至元時期中國所製之「大海」形茶入,屬唐物,即中世紀以來傳入日本並被用於茶道之中國陶器。「大海」指的是一種口大而平圓的大型茶入樣式,通常用於盛放濃茶所用之抹茶粉,形制沉穩,氣勢宏大。
本作通體施以褐色鐵釉,並採二重掛釉之技法,釉色深沉潤澤,於腹部形成自然流淌之景致。器底以「箆起(へらおこし)」製成,即使用竹箆或木板自轆轤上切離器身,底部微隆,呈現典型之福建窯系特徵。
唐物大海茶入 銘「稻葉大海」
南宋至元時代,13–14世紀
陶器,高7.3公分,口徑5.8公分,胴徑10.1公分,底徑6.2公分,重156.9克
五島美術館藏

稻葉家所傳之茶入——稻葉大海
談及茶道具中銘為「稻葉」的名品,諸位或許首先聯想到現今收藏於東京丸之內靜嘉堂文庫美術館的國寶曜變天目,亦稱「稻葉天目」。此碗原屬德川將軍家,至第三代將軍德川家光之時,經由其乳母春日局之手,傳至稻葉家(淀藩)。春日局為明智光秀重臣齋藤利三之女,其母為稻葉氏出身,夫婿則為稻葉正成,因而稻葉家與曜變天目的承傳密切相關。
而今五島美術館所藏之「稻葉大海」則為一件中國製唐物大海茶入,相傳原為織田信長(1543–1582)所有,後贈予美濃(今岐阜縣)之武將稻葉一鐵(本名良通,1516–1588)。此後本器歷代傳承於稻葉家,直至昭和29年(1954)猶在其家族中。值得一提的是,稻葉一鐵為春日局之外祖父,亦即曜變天目傳承系譜中重要一環。

稻葉家自戰國以來綿延至明治時期,其中尤以持有曜變天目的淀藩最為著名,另亦包括自美濃郡上八幡轉封之豐後臼杵藩與安房國館山藩。
所謂大海茶入,係指體量宏大、口徑寬敞、器形平圓之茶入樣式。本器通體施以二重鐵釉,釉色層層疊映,形成自然流動之景色,頗具風致。底部則採「箆起」(亦稱「板起」)之技法,即以竹製或木製刮板從轆轤上將成形器身剖離,為福建窯系常見之製法。大海茶入在中國福建省福州市一帶之遺跡中可見出土實例,但流傳於世者極為罕見。推測本器應係南宋至元代之際於福建所製,隨宋元之際東傳至日本之茶道用器。另附朱漆四方入角盆一具,與器成對,尤顯端莊莊重。

Karamono Daikai Chaire, Named “Inaba Daikai”
Southern Song to Yuan dynasty, 13th–14th century
Stoneware, height: 7.3 cm; mouth diameter: 5.8 cm; body diameter: 10.1 cm; base diameter: 6.2 cm; weight: 156.9 g
Collection of the Gotoh Museum
This tea caddy, known as Inaba Daikai, is a rare example of a Chinese-made karamono (tea object of Chinese origin) chaire in the daikai (“great sea”) form. Characterized by its large size, wide mouth, and flat-rounded silhouette, the daikaitype is designed for holding powdered tea for thick tea (koicha) preparation. The body is coated in a double-layered iron glaze, producing a deep, lustrous surface with natural drips and scenic glaze flows. The base was formed using the hera-okoshi (spatula-cut) technique, in which the vessel is removed from the wheel using a flat blade, leaving distinctive tool marks. This technique is consistent with wares excavated from kiln sites in Fujian Province, particularly in the vicinity of Fuzhou.

The Inaba Daikai Tea Caddy: A Legacy of the Inaba Family
When one hears the name "Inaba" in association with tea utensils, the National Treasure Yōhen Tenmoku tea bowl—commonly known as the Inaba Tenmoku—likely comes to mind. Currently held in the Seikadō Bunko Art Museum in Marunouchi, Tokyo, this rare bowl once belonged to the Tokugawa shogunate. It was passed down to the Inaba family (of the Yodo Domain) through Kasuga no Tsubone, the wet nurse of the third shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu. Kasuga was the daughter of Saitō Toshimitsu, a senior retainer of Akechi Mitsuhide, and on her mother’s side descended from the Inaba family. She was married to Inaba Masanari, solidifying the link between the famed bowl and the Inaba lineage.
In contrast, the Inaba Daikai tea caddy, now in the Gotoh Museum, is a Chinese-made karamono (tea object of Chinese origin) chaire of the daikai (“great sea”) form. According to family tradition, it was once owned by the powerful daimyo Oda Nobunaga (1543–1582), who later bestowed it upon Inaba Ittetsu (Inaba Yoshimichi, 1516–1588), a military commander from Mino Province (present-day Gifu Prefecture). The caddy remained in the Inaba family’s possession until 1954 (Shōwa 29). Notably, Inaba Ittetsu was the maternal grandfather of Kasuga no Tsubone, placing this caddy within the same familial lineage as the Yōhen Tenmoku.
Several branches of the Inaba family continued into the Meiji era, most prominently the Yodo Domain (which owned the Tenmoku), as well as the Usuki Domain in Bungo Province and the Tateyama Domain in Awa Province, both relocated from Gujō Hachiman in Mino.
The daikai style tea caddy is characterized by its generous proportions, wide mouth, and flat-rounded body. This particular example is coated in a double layer of iron glaze, which creates natural rivulets and scenic glaze flows on the surface. The base was formed using the hera-okoshi or ita-okoshi technique, whereby a spatula or wooden board was used to sever the vessel from the wheel—a hallmark of ceramic production in Fujian kilns. While similar daikai wares have been excavated at sites around Fuzhou in Fujian Province, extant transmitted examples are exceedingly rare. This piece likely originated in Fujian during the Southern Song to Yuan period and was imported into Japan for use in the chanoyutea tradition. It is accompanied by a red lacquered square tray with chamfered corners, enhancing its ceremonial gravitas.

唐物大海茶入銘稲葉大海
からものだいかいちゃいれめいいなばだいかい
陶器/一口 南宋〜元時代・13〜14世紀
高7.3cm口径5.8cm 胴径10.1cm底径6.2cm重量156.9g
五島美術館蔵
大振りで口が広く、平丸形の茶人を「大海」と呼ぶ。遺跡からの出土例はあるが、伝世品の少ない唐物(中国製)の大海茶入。鉄釉を二重掛けする。織田長(1534~82)から美濃(岐阜県)の大名稲葉家へ渡ったと伝える。
稲葉家に伝わった茶入―稲葉大海
皆様は茶道具で「稲葉」という銘のある物といえば、何を連想されるでしょうか?
現在丸の内にある静嘉堂文庫美術館所蔵の国宝「曜変天目」別名「稲葉天目」を思い浮かべる方も多いかと思います。こちらは、徳川将軍家にあったものが三代将軍家光の代に、乳母の春日局を経て稲葉家(淀藩)に伝えられたものです。春日局自身も明智光秀の重臣である斎藤利三の娘ですが、母方は稲葉家の出身であり、夫は稲葉正成です。
五島美術館の「稲葉大海」は中国産の唐物大海茶入です。織田信長(1543~82)から美濃(岐阜県)の武将稲葉一鉄(良通 1516~88)へ渡ったという伝承があり、その後昭和29年(1954)まで稲葉家に伝わったとされています。稲葉一鉄は春日局の外祖父にあたります。稲葉家のうち明治まで続いたのは、「稲葉天目」を所持していた淀藩のほか、美濃郡上八幡から転封した豊後臼杵藩、安房国館山藩があります。
大海茶入は、大振りで口が広く、平丸形の茶入です。二重掛けした鉄釉が景色となっています。底部は箆起(へらお)こし(板起(いたお)こしとも)で、轆轤(ろくろ)で成形した器を箆または板を用いて切り離しています。大海茶入は中国福建省福州市などの遺跡からの出土例はありますが、伝世品はあまり多くありません。中国の南宋時代から元時代にかけて、福建省で製作され、日本に請来されたものです。朱漆四方入角盆が添っています。
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