大正名器鑑中唯一收錄的“柿茶入”，茜屋柿為一件唐物茶入，因為由堺的茶人茜屋宗佐所藏而得名。此茶入以柿形為主題，整體呈現柿色或紫色，並在黑釉上形成斑駁的自然紋理，造型完美，釉質出色，是茶入中的極品。
The Akaneya Kaki, the only persimmon-shaped tea caddy featured in the Taisho Meiki Kan, is a karamono tea container named after its owner, Akaneya Sosa, a tea master from Sakai. This tea container is distinguished by its persimmon-inspired design, with a body in shades of persimmon or purple adorned with irregular patterns created by black glaze. Its flawless shape and exceptional glaze quality make it a masterpiece among tea caddy.
茜屋宗佐
茜屋宗佐（あかねや そうさ，生卒年不詳），為戰國至安土桃山時代的茶人。通稱太郎右衛門，別名吉松。
出身於堺，是茜屋宗休之子，師承武野紹鴎。曾收藏包括鶴首茶入和大名物柿形茶入（茜屋柿）在內的名物茶入。據堺豪商津田宗及所著《天王寺屋會記》中天文20年（1551年）2月16日的記錄，可見茜屋宗佐的名字。
大名物 茜屋柿
分類與命名
茜屋柿為一件唐物茶入，因為由堺的茶人茜屋宗佐所藏而得名。此茶入以柿形為主題，整體呈現柿色或紫色，並在黑釉上形成斑駁的自然紋理，造型完美，釉質出色，是茶入中的極品。
流傳經過
此茶入最初由武野紹鴎所藏，後經堺的小島屋宗活傳至茜屋宗佐之手，再轉入千家，最終由大阪藤田家收藏。
歷史記載
《銘物記》： 記載「柿茶入」為織田信長時代名物，曾為小島屋宗活所有，後歸茜屋宗佐。
《松屋名物集》： 記載為紹鴎弟子薩摩屋宗椿所用之柿形茶入，使用間道袋收藏。
《茶道正傳集》：指出此柿形茶入為堺伊興屋所有，並描述其整體造型酷似平柿，特點為壺身至底部呈現柿蒂形狀的稀有設計。
《萬寶全書》： 詳細記載了此茶入的釉藥特性與形態，指出柿形分為兩種：一種為肩部圓潤且底部收窄的「木練柿」造型，釉藥質地呈黑色、微帶黃澤，極具美感。
《泉州名所圖繪》：茜屋柿 堺茜屋宗佐、初小島屋宗活所持。
實見記錄
大正九年（1920年）5月8日實見於大阪市北區東野田町藤田德次郎氏邸：此茶入口緣設計薄作，拈口處回折深沉，頸部極低，周圍浮現一道突起筋紋。頸部微凹處帶有青瑠璃色光澤，全體呈柿色或紫色，釉面以黑釉形成自然紋理，至肩部黑釉釉流逐漸延展至底部，釉藥堆積處顯現厚釉及青瑠璃色。茶入底部露出朱泥胎土，底板起皺，內部有轆轤紋旋轉至中心，整體造型優美且無任何缺損，釉質極其精緻，堪稱名品。
此件「茜屋柿」以其精湛的工藝與優雅的柿形設計，成為茶道史上珍貴的大名物之一，備受後世茶人推崇。
茜屋柿 FAQ
1. 什麼是茜屋柿？
茜屋柿是一件極具珍藏價值的唐物（中國製）茶入，以其獨特的柿形而聞名。它得名於16世紀戰國至安土桃山時代的著名茶人茜屋宗佐。
2. 茜屋柿為何如此特別？
茜屋柿的珍貴之處在於：
造型： 此茶入精心製作成熟柿子的形狀，是茶入造型中極為罕見的一種。
釉彩： 採用黑釉覆蓋柿色或紫色基底，形成自然、不規則的紋理。底部釉藥堆積處更呈現獨特的青瑠璃色光澤。
歷史意義： 作為大名物，茜屋柿具有深厚的歷史淵源，曾由武野紹鴎、千家等多位名家收藏。
保存狀況： 儘管歷經數百年，茜屋柿至今仍保存完好，令其價值更為突出。
3. 哪些歷史記載提到茜屋柿？
茜屋柿出現在多部歷史文獻中：
《銘物記》： 記載為織田信長時代的名物，先由小島屋宗活擁有，後傳至茜屋宗佐。
《松屋名物集》： 描述其由武野紹鴎弟子薩摩屋宗椿使用，並以間道袋保存。
《茶道正傳集》： 突出其柿形設計，並提及底部罕見的「柿蒂」特徵。
《萬寶全書》： 詳述其釉藥特性，並將其形態歸類為「木練柿」，肩圓潤、底部收窄。
《天王寺屋會記》： 記錄茜屋宗佐為一位著名的茶人，並提及其藏品。
4. 茜屋柿的歷任著名持有人是誰？
茜屋柿的傳承脈絡極其清晰，擁有者包括：
武野紹鴎： 著名茶人，最初的持有人。
小島屋宗活： 堺的茶人，從武野紹鴎處獲得此茶入。
茜屋宗佐： 此茶入的命名者，堺的著名茶人。
千家： 茶道名家，後將此茶入收藏。
藤田家： 大阪的藤田家為已知的最後持有者（記錄於1920年）。
5. 茜屋柿的外觀有詳細描述嗎？
有，1920年5月8日的實見記錄提供了詳細的描述：
口部： 邊緣薄，深彎曲，邊緣處有一道細線突起。
頸部： 頗低，帶有一道隆起線，凹處呈現青瑠璃色光澤。
壺身： 通體為柿色或紫色，並帶有不規則的黑釉紋理，底部露出紅泥胎質。
底足： 粗糙質感，表面有自然皺紋。
內部： 口部釉面延伸至內部，形成粗糙的轆轤紋（拉坯痕跡），旋轉至中心成漩渦狀。
6. 茜屋柿最後一次出現在哪裡？
茜屋柿最後一次出現是在1920年5月8日，位於日本大阪北區東野田町的藤田德次郎宅邸。
7. 茜屋柿的黑釉有何重要意義？
黑釉是茜屋柿美學與價值的核心：
創造視覺深度： 黑釉與柿色或紫色基底形成鮮明對比，增強視覺效果。
突出造型： 黑釉的不規則紋理進一步強調了柿形設計的自然感與有機特質。
提升稀有性： 此種釉藥與胎土的特定結合，使茜屋柿更具獨特性。
8. 為什麼茜屋柿被認為是茶道文化的傑作？
茜屋柿因以下原因成為茶道文化的頂尖之作：
精湛工藝： 細膩的造型、精美的釉彩以及完美的保存狀況，展現了製作者的高超技藝。
獨特設計： 真實的柿形與特有的釉彩組合，讓茜屋柿在眾多茶入中脫穎而出。
豐富歷史： 曾由多位茶道名人與名家收藏，為其增添文化意義。
歷久彌新的影響力： 茜屋柿作為茶道文化的象徵，至今仍啟發著無數茶人與愛好者。
茜屋宗佐
茜屋 宗佐（あかねや そうさ、生没年不詳）は、戦国-安土桃山時代の茶人。通称太郎右衛門。別名吉松。
堺の人物。茜屋宗休の子。 武野紹鴎に学ぶ。鶴首茶入れや大名物の柿形茶入れ（茜屋柿）などを所蔵した。堺の大小路に居所があった豪商・津田宗及が記した『天王寺屋会記』の天文20年2月16日の条などにその名がみえる。
大名物。漢作茶入。堺の茜屋宗佐が所有していた柿形茶入であるところからこの名があります。全体が柿色または紫色の上に黒釉で景色がむらむらと現れ、無疵で格好もよく釉質の極めて見事な茶入であります。初め武野紹鴎が所持し、のち堺の小島屋宗活を経て茜屋宗佐に伝わり、さらに千家に入り同家から大阪の藤田家に譲られました。（『大正名器鑑』）
柿茶入信長時代。銘物記に歯屋宗佐、前小島宗活所持と記す。和泉名所園繪には、柿茶入茜屋宗佐、初は小島屋宗活が所持なりと記
す。松屋名物集には、紹鷗弟子薩摩屋宗椿柿茶入、袋間道。
（藤田家道具帳）
柿此名體格合平柿に似たるに依て云へり。但し柿に二體あり、肩丸く下すぼりの姿あり、是を木練柿と云ふなり、口造り捻り返し少
し無道なり、糸切細く華奢なり、下薬墨色にて、薬とまり少し黒味あり、上流れは色艶よき黄薬なり。
（万寶全書）
柿 柿の茶入は平柿形に似せて焼きたる物なり、堺の伊興屋が所持の柿の茶入名物なり、口より下に柿の蒂を焼きたるものなり、下の
形は丸壺よりは肩すばりたる物也、蒂を焼付けたるは稀なる故に、下の形柿に似たるを柿といふなり。
（茶道正傳集）
茜屋柿 堺茜屋宗佐、初小島屋宗活所持。
（泉州名所圖繪）
傳來
初め紹鷗所持にして、堺の小島屋宗活を經て同所の茜屋宗佐に傳は
り、其後千家にて所藏せしが、同家より藤田家に譲らる。
實見記
大正九年五月八日、大阪市北區東野田町藤田徳次郎氏邸に於て實見す。
口縁薄作にて、拈り返し深く、甑極めて低く其周圍半分に亙りて浮筋一線あり、甑際少しく窪みたる處青瑠璃色あり、總體柿色若くは紫色の上に、黒釉にて景色ムラくと現はれ、胴に沈筋一線を繞らし、肩先より黒飴釉ナダレ掛り、盆附に至りと止まる、釉溜稍厚く、
其中に青瑠璃色あり、裾以下朱泥色の土を見せ、底板起しにして荒きいぢく皺全面に亙る。内部口縁釉掛り、以下轆轤目荒く繞り、
底中央に至りて渦状を成す、無疵にて恰好よく、釉質極めて美事なる茶入なり。
Akaneya Sosa
Akaneya Sosa (あかねや そうさ, birth and death dates unknown) was a tea practitioner from the Sengoku to Azuchi-Momoyama period. He was also known as Taroemon and Yoshimatsu.
Hailing from Sakai, he was the son of Akaneya Soshu and studied under Takeno Jo’o. Sosa is renowned for his ownership of several prominent tea containers, including the Crane-Neck Tea Container (Tsuru-Kubi Chaire) and the famous persimmon-shaped tea container, Akaneya Kaki. His name is mentioned in records such as Tennojiya Kaiki (The Tennojiya Tea Gathering Chronicle), written by the wealthy Sakai merchant Tsuda Sogyu, specifically in the entry for February 16, 1551 (Tenbun 20).
The Great Masterpiece: Akaneya Kaki
Category and NamingAkaneya Kaki is a Karamono tea container (Chinese-origin), named after its owner, Akaneya Sosa of Sakai. This masterpiece, shaped like a persimmon, features a body in shades of persimmon or purple, adorned with irregular black glaze patterns. Its flawless condition, exquisite shape, and remarkable glaze quality make it a distinguished work among tea containers.
Provenance
Initially owned by Takeno Jo’o, it was passed to Kojimaya Sogatsu of Sakai, then to Akaneya Sosa. Later, it was acquired by the Sen family and eventually transferred to the Fujita family in Osaka.
Historical Mentions
Meibutsu-ki (Records of Famous Items):
Describes Akaneya Kaki as a famed tea container from Oda Nobunaga’s era, previously owned by Kojimaya Sogatsu before passing to Akaneya Sosa.
Matsuya Meibutsu-shu (Matsuya Collection of Famous Items):
Mentions it as a persimmon-shaped tea container used by Satsumaya Sotyo, a disciple of Jo’o, stored in a brocade pouch.
Chado Shozanshu (Tea Tradition Handbook):
Highlights its unique design, resembling a persimmon, and notes its rarity. The base features a “persimmon stem” pattern baked into the form, a distinguishing characteristic.
Manpo Zensho (Encyclopedia of Treasures):
Details the glaze characteristics and body shape, identifying two types of persimmon shapes: one with rounded shoulders and a narrowing base, referred to as Kinari-gaki. The glaze exhibits black hues with faint yellowish luster, embodying elegance and refinement.
Inspection Record
Observed on May 8, 1920, at the residence of Fujita Tokujirou in Higashinoda-cho, Kita Ward, Osaka:The rim of the container is thin, with a deeply curved, folded edge. The neck is exceptionally low, encircled by a single raised line. A slight depression on the neck reveals an azure blue hue. The entire surface is persimmon or purple in tone, with black glaze creating irregular patterns. The black glaze flows down from the shoulder and halts near the base, forming a pool of glaze with a bluish sheen. Below the glaze, the reddish clay base is visible, while the footring displays a rough texture with creases covering its surface. The interior glaze extends from the rim but transitions into coarse rokuro marks (wheel-thrown lines) spiraling toward the center, forming a vortex pattern.
In perfect condition, this tea container boasts exceptional craftsmanship, elegant proportions, and superb glaze quality, making it a true masterpiece.
Conclusion
The Akaneya Kaki stands as one of the most revered treasures in the history of tea culture. Its intricate craftsmanship and iconic persimmon-inspired design have earned it admiration among generations of tea masters.
Akaneya Kaki: An FAQ
1. What is the Akaneya Kaki?
The Akaneya Kaki is a highly prized karamono (Chinese-origin) tea container known for its distinctive persimmon shape. It is named after the famous tea master Akaneya Sosa who owned it during the Sengoku to Azuchi-Momoyama period (16th century).
2. What makes the Akaneya Kaki so special?
Several factors contribute to its prestige:
Shape: The container is meticulously crafted to resemble a ripe persimmon, a shape believed to be rare among tea containers.
Glaze: It features a stunning combination of black glaze over a persimmon or purple base, creating a natural, irregular pattern. The glaze pooling near the base creates a unique bluish sheen.
Historical Significance: The Akaneya Kaki is a daimyo-mono (great masterpiece) with a rich provenance, passing through the hands of influential figures like Takeno Jo’o and the Sen family.
Condition: Despite its age, the container is in impeccable condition, further adding to its value.
3. Where can I find historical records mentioning the Akaneya Kaki?
Multiple historical texts document the Akaneya Kaki:
Meibutsu-ki (Records of Famous Items): Lists it as a famous object from Oda Nobunaga's era, noting its ownership by Akaneya Sosa and prior ownership by Kojimaya Sogatsu.
Matsuya Meibutsu-shu (Matsuya Collection of Famous Items): Describes its use by Satsumaya Sotyo, a disciple of Takeno Jo’o, and mentions its storage in a brocade pouch.
Chado Shozanshu (Tea Tradition Handbook): Highlights the container's unique persimmon shape and the rare "persimmon stem" feature at its base.
Manpo Zensho (Encyclopedia of Treasures): Provides a detailed analysis of the glaze and identifies the shape as a "Kinari-gaki" persimmon, distinguished by its rounded shoulders and narrow base.
Tennojiya Kaiki (The Tennojiya Tea Gathering Chronicle): Mentions Akaneya Sosa as a prominent tea master.
4. Who were some of the Akaneya Kaki's notable owners?
The Akaneya Kaki boasts a distinguished lineage of owners:
Takeno Jo'o: A renowned tea master who initially owned the container.
Kojimaya Sogatsu: A tea master from Sakai who acquired it from Takeno Jo’o.
Akaneya Sosa: The namesake of the container, a prominent tea master from Sakai.
Sen family: A renowned tea family who possessed it after Akaneya Sosa.
Fujita family: A family from Osaka who were the last known owners, according to records from 1920.
5. Is there a detailed description of the Akaneya Kaki's appearance?
Yes, an inspection record from May 8, 1920, provides a meticulous account of the container:
Rim: Thin with a deep, curved edge.
Neck: Exceptionally low, encircled by a raised line and featuring a bluish hue in a slight depression.
Body: Persimmon or purple color with irregular black glaze patterns and a visible reddish clay base beneath the glaze.
Footring: Rough texture with creases across its surface.
Interior: Glazed rim transitioning to coarse rokuro marks (wheel-thrown lines) that spiral towards the center.
6. Where was the Akaneya Kaki last seen?
The last recorded sighting of the Akaneya Kaki was on May 8, 1920, at the residence of Fujita Tokujirou in Higashinoda-cho, Kita Ward, Osaka, Japan.
7. What is the significance of the black glaze on the Akaneya Kaki?
The black glaze is crucial to the Akaneya Kaki's aesthetic and value. It:
Creates Visual Depth: The black glaze contrasts beautifully with the persimmon or purple body, producing a dynamic visual effect.
Highlights the Shape: The irregular patterns formed by the glaze further emphasize the persimmon shape, adding to its natural and organic quality.
Enhances its Rarity: The specific glaze combination and the way it interacts with the clay contribute to the Akaneya Kaki’s uniqueness.
8. Why is the Akaneya Kaki considered a masterpiece in tea culture?
The Akaneya Kaki represents the pinnacle of tea container artistry due to its:
Exquisite Craftsmanship: The detailed shaping, intricate glaze work, and flawless condition are testaments to the skill of its creators.
Unique Design: The realistic persimmon shape and the distinctive glaze combination set it apart from other tea containers.
Rich History: Its provenance, passing through the hands of influential tea masters and families, adds to its cultural significance.
Enduring Legacy: The Akaneya Kaki continues to be revered as a symbol of excellence in tea culture, inspiring generations of tea practitioners and enthusiasts.
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