拍賣筆記 vol.477 佳士得紐約2026：4.864萬美元售出，金代定窯內白外紫金釉印鳳穿牡丹紋盌 - Christie’s New York 2026, A Molded Ding Bowl With Russet Exterior, Jin Dynasty, Sold For US$48,640

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面對這類極具非典型特徵的器物，其背後的「2023年日本來源」往往存在難以判明的盲區。自 2023 年以來，內地古董商販積極利用日本經營管理簽證的放寬湧入日本，大舉進行「回流」生意；與此同時，部分近年違法出土的文物也透過各種灰色管道，陸續現身於香港及海外的拍賣舞台。在缺乏可信、早期流傳鏈條的情況下，藏家既要避開「偽日本舊藏」的陷阱，又必須更深度地倚靠科學檢測，特別是利用牛津熱釋光測試來鎖定其絕對年代。

然而，僅看年代還不夠，窯口真贗的判明更是當前業內的焦點與難點。這方面，北京故宮博物院於 2010 年前後（配合 85 週年院慶的宋代官窯國際學術研討會）所啟動的傳世宋官與明清仿官瓷器大型無損科技分析項目，為我們提供了清晰的借鑒。該項目以 EDXRF（能量散射X射線熒光光譜法）為核心手段，其測試結果曾為兩件原被歸為明清仿宋官窯的器物（編號 M41、Q54）平反，因胎釉成分完全吻合宋官特徵而正名為「宋代珍品」；同時，也精準地將原定為宋官的 G26 鬲式爐、G27 斗笠碗、G30 圓洗殘件劃分出去，證實其真實身份極可能是龍泉黑胎青瓷。

在當前市場來源魚目混珠的背景下，引入如故宮標準的 EDXRF 胎釉成分分析，無疑是釐清這類非典型器物窯口歸屬的最佳途徑。（SACA觀察，2026.09.27）

金代定窯內白外紫金釉印鳳穿牡丹紋盌

JIN DYNASTY (1115-1234)

成交價

美元 48,640

估價

美元 40,000 – 美元 60,000

拍品終止拍賣: 

2026年9月18日

毛瑞（Robert D. Mowry） 哈佛大學藝術博物館亞洲部榮譽主任暨佳士得高級顧問

這件罕見的金代定窯盌外壁施紫金釉（醬褐釉），內壁施透明釉，並印有雙鳳穿牡丹紋飾。此盌堪稱獨一無二，既與施紫金釉的定窯器物一脈相承，亦與帶有印花紋飾的定窯器物有著深厚淵源。

定窯遺址位於河北省曲陽縣澗磁村附近，最為人熟知的是其施透明釉的白瓷器皿，但該窯口同時也生產黑釉與紫金釉器物。

長春吉林省博物院藏有一件金代定窯匜，外壁施紫金釉，內壁施透明釉並刻有魚藻紋。（見《中國陶瓷全集9：定窯》，京都：美乃美，1981年，編號125）。此外，紐約大都會藝術博物館藏有一件金代或元代的素面定窯盌，內壁施透明釉，外壁施黑釉（館藏編號：50.171）。

就紋飾而言，倫敦大英博物館大維德基金會（Percival David Foundation）珍藏的一件印有鳳穿牡丹紋的定窯盌（館藏編號：PDF.108）與本拍品最為相似，儘管該盌內外皆施透明釉。台北國立故宮博物院亦藏有兩件帶有相似鳳凰紋飾的透明釉盌。（見《定州花瓷：院藏定窯系白瓷特展》，台北：國立故宮博物院，2014年，頁184-185，編號II-121、II-122）。考古學家將定窯窯址出土的鳳凰菊花紋盌殘片，斷代為金代後半期。（見《定窯：優雅的白瓷世界——最新考古發現》，大阪：市立東洋陶磁美術館，2013年，頁179-180，編號44）。

大維德基金會珍藏的一件帶有鳳凰菊花紋的定窯印模（館藏編號：PDF.181）上刻有1184年（金大定二十四年）的紀年銘文。該印模的銘文日期，結合考古學家對定窯遺址出土殘片所作的金代晚期斷代，表明本拍品的年代應為十二世紀晚期或十三世紀早期。

This particular artifact features highly atypical characteristics, making its purported "Japanese source"particularly difficult to authenticate. Since 2023, a wave of antiquities dealers from mainland China has capitalised on Japan's relaxed Business Manager visas to conduct massive "repatriation" trading. Concurrently, some illicitly excavated items from the mainland have found their way onto auction blocks in Hong Kong and international markets through grey channels. Without an established, early paper trail, collectors attempting to navigate these "pseudo-Japanese old collection" pitfalls must depend more than ever on scientific methods—specifically Oxford Thermoluminescence testing—to lock down the piece’s true age.

Dating, however, is only half the battle; pinpointing the exact kiln is another major challenge in today's market. In this regard, the landmark study conducted by the Palace Museum in Beijing around 2010 offers an excellent blueprint. To mark its 85th anniversary, the museum initiated a massive non-destructive scientific testing project comparing heirloom Song Guan wares with Ming and Qing imitations. Utilizing EDXRF (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) as its core tool, the project famously vindicated two pieces originally dismissed as Ming or Qing copies (Nos. M41 and Q54), restoring them to their rightful status as Song dynasty treasures. It also precisely weeded out three items previously thought to be Song Guan ware (the G26 censer, G27 bowl, and G30 washer fragment), proving they were actually Longquan black-bodied celadons.

Given the current market confusion surrounding unverified provenance, adopting a Palace Museum-standard EDXRF elemental analysis represents the single most effective path to resolving this atypical object's true origin.

A RARE MOLDED DING BOWL WITH RUSSET EXTERIOR

JIN DYNASTY (1115-1234)

Price realised

USD 48,640

Estimate

USD 40,000 – USD 60,000

Estimates do not reflect the final hammer price and do not include buyer's premium, and applicable taxes or artist's resale right. Please see Section D of the Conditions of Sale for full details.

Closed: 

18 Sep 2026

A RARE MOLDED DING BOWL WITH RUSSET EXTERIOR

JIN DYNASTY (1115-1234)

With accompanying chronicle citing the presentation of the bowl by Sen Soshitsu (b.1956, the 16th Grand Tea Master of Urasenkei) to Tanaka Shizuko on 2 July 1971.

8 ¼ in. (21 cm.) diam.

PROVENANCE

Private Collection, Japan, acquired in 2023.

Lot Essay

A Rare, Jin-Dynasty Molded Ding Bowl with Both Russet and Clear Glazes

Robert D. Mowry 毛瑞

Alan J. Dworsky Curator of Chinese Art Emeritus,

Harvard Art Museums, and

Senior Consultant, Christie’s

哈佛大學藝術博物館亞洲部榮譽主任暨佳士得高級顧問

This rare Jin-dynasty Ding bowl sports russet-brown glaze on its exterior and clear glaze over molded decoration of two phoenixes in a peony scroll on its interior. Virtually unique, this bowl relates both to Ding vessels with russet glaze and to those with molded decoration.

Located near Jiancicun, Quyang county, Hebei province, the Ding kilns are best remembered for their porcelaneous white stoneware vessels with clear glaze, but they also produced wares with black and russet-brown glazes.

A Jin-dynasty, Ding yu pouring vessel in the Jilin Provincial Museum, Changchun, features russet glaze on its exterior, its interior with clear glaze over incised fish and aquatic plant décor. (Ding Ware: Complete Collection of Chinese Pottery and Porcelain 9, Kyoto: Minomi, 1981, no. 125.) And an undecorated Ding bowl from the Jin or Yuan dynasty in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art sports clear glaze on its interior and black glaze on its exterior (50.171).

In terms of decoration, a Ding bowl with molded phoenix-and-peony décor in the Percival David Foundation Collection at the British Museum, London (PDF.108), is the most closely related to the present bowl, though it is coated inside and out with clear glaze. Two clear-glazed bowls in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, feature kindred phoenix decoration. (Decorated Porcelains of Dingzhou: White Ding Wares from the Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei, 2014, pp. 184-185, nos. II-121, II-122.) Archaeologists have dated sherds of a bowl with phoenixes amidst chrysanthemums excavated at the Ding kiln site to the second half of the Jin dynasty. (Ding Ware: The World of White Elegance: Recent Archaeological Findings, Osaka: Museum of Oriental Ceramics, 2013, pp. 179-180, no. 44.)

A Ding mold with phoenix-and-chrysanthemum décor in the Percival David Foundation Collection (PDF.181) bears an inscribed date of 1184. The mold’s inscribed date together with the later Jin date that archaeologists have assigned to the sherds excavated at the Ding kiln site suggest a late twelfth- or early thirteenth-century date for the present bowl.