拍賣筆記 vol.243 邦瀚斯倫敦：覺是軒專場，唐五代「官」字款定窯白釉瀝粉堆花蝴蝶紋方碟（- Bonhams London, Priestley & Ferraro, A Dingyao White-Glazed Square 'Butterfly' Dish, Tang / Five Dynasties

這件作品屬於晚唐至五代時期定窯白瓷中極具代表性的一類。其方形設計和蝴蝶紋飾結合，體現了唐末定窯在宮廷供御器與文人審美交融的精緻風格。盤底「官」字款尤為珍罕，表明其可能為官府監造器，或與北方宮廷供應體系有關。此盤曾於2019年倫敦 Priestley & Ferraro 展覽亮相，時已受到學界及市場關注，如今重現於邦瀚斯倫敦。

定窯方盤存世稀少，拍賣上有一對官字款的瀝粉堆花官字款方盤曾於2018年5月30日佳士得香港拍得946萬港元（https://www.christies.com.cn/zh/lot/lot-6146024），同類作品根津美術館收藏有一例，著名的東方陶瓷學會收藏家卡爾·坎普（Dr. Carl Kempe）藏有一例清宮舊藏的同款作品。

Square dishes from the Ding kilns are exceedingly rare. A pair of guan-marked Ding dishes with slip-trailing decoration was sold at Christie’s Hong Kong on 30 May 2018 for HKD 9.46 million (link). A comparable example is preserved in the Nezu Museum, Tokyo, while another of the same type—formerly in the Imperial Collection—is known from the celebrated collection of Dr. Carl Kempe, one of the most distinguished members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.

拍賣信息拍賣行： Bonhams London 倫敦邦瀚斯

專場： Priestley & Ferraro: Three Decades in Chinese Art (1994–2025)

日期： 2025年11月6日 上午11時（倫敦，新邦德街）

估價： £6,000–£8,000（約合美金8,100–11,000）

晚唐至五代（10世紀）

定窯白釉印花蝴蝶紋方盤「官」字款

此方盤造型精巧，四邊斜出，邊緣微作花瓣狀起伏，形成如花葉展開的輪廓。盤內以淺浮雕印飾雙蝶展翼之紋樣，構圖對稱而生動。通體施以透明釉，釉色清澈瑩潤，胎質潔白細膩。底部無釉，露出細白胎土，刻有「官」字一款，為定窯「官」字器中罕見之例。配有原裝盒。

尺寸：寬10公分（3 7/8英吋）

來源2019年4月3日購於香港。

展覽及出版

Priestley & Ferraro, Chinese and Korean Ceramics and Works of Art,倫敦，2019年11月，圖錄編號8。

此件造型罕見、帶「官」字款的定窯白釉方盤，以其精緻的印花裝飾與工藝水準，可列為晚唐至五代時期定窯器物中的極品。此一時期，定窯已逐漸取代邢窯，成為中國北方最重要的白瓷燒造中心。正如本器所示，晚唐、五代的定瓷胎體更為薄巧，質地輕盈細密；其造型與淺浮雕式的印花紋飾，均顯示出當時陶工對金銀器造型與裝飾技法的模仿與轉化趨勢。

關於「官」字款的含義，學界仍存在不同見解：

部分學者認為此款標示「官窯」之意；另有一說認為其為「太官署」（即掌管宮廷膳饌與禮器供應的官署）之略稱；亦有觀點認為「官」乃「官樣」之意，意指作為徵收實物稅時的官定標準樣器。至北宋早期後，「官」字款遂不再出現。

有人指出，「官」款或可視為一種品質標識，表明該器物達到官方認可的品質標準，用以供應朝廷或作為徵收樣品（參見《定瓷雅集：故宮博物院珍藏及出土定窯瓷器薈萃》，北京，2012年，第18頁）。

可比較者，包括一件略大的對蝶紋方盤（寬12.4公分），出土於河北曲陽定窯遺址，現藏於河北省文物研究所，刊於同書第68–69頁，編號20；惟該例不帶「官」字款。另可參見一對帶「官」款、以四瓣花紋飾之定窯方盤，裝飾技法與本器一致，曾於2018年5月30日香港佳士得拍賣，拍品編號2925。

A DINGYAO WHITE-GLAZED SQUARE 'BUTTERFLY' DISH

Guan incised character, late Tang Dynasty/Five Dynasties, 10th century

PRIESTLEY & FERRARO: THREE DECADES IN CHINESE ART (1994-2025)

6 November 2025, 11:00 GMT

London, New Bond Street

£6,000 - £8,000

US$8,100 - US$11,000

Guan incised character, late Tang Dynasty/Five Dynasties, 10th century

Deftly potted with four flaring sides, each moulded with petal-like divisions rising to a foliate rim, the interior finely moulded in low relief with a pair of butterflies with outstretched wings, covered overall with a clear glaze, the base left unglazed revealing the fine white ware, incised with a guan character, fitted box. 10cm (3 7/8in) square. (2).

Footnotes

晚唐/五代（十世紀）定窯白釉印花對蝶紋方盤「官」字款

Provenance:Acquired in Hong Kong, 3 April 2019

Published, Illustrated and Exhibited:Priestley & Ferraro, Chinese and Korean Ceramics and Works of Art, London, November 2019, no.8

The present lot, with its rare form, guan 官 (official) mark and refined decoration, may be counted amongst the finest Ding wares of the late Tang and Five Dynasties period — a time in which the Ding kilns superseded the Xing kilns as the foremost producers of white ceramics in northern China. By this time, as the present lot demonstrates, Ding wares were characterised by thinner, more delicate bodies.

The form and the repoussé-like decoration reflect a growing tendency to emulate the shapes and ornamental techniques of contemporary gold and silver vessels.The meaning of the guan mark remains debated. Some scholars take it to denote 'official kilns'; others as an abbreviation of the 'Office of Banquets' (太官署 Taiguan shu), the bureau responsible for food supplies and ritual vessels at Court; and still others as shorthand for guanyang (official standard), indicating reference specimens used for in-kind tax collection.

After the early Northern Song period, the mark ceased to appear. Some has argued that the guan mark functioned as a signifier, indicating that ceramics bearing the inscription met the quality standards officially recognised for wares requisitioned by the government.

See Selection of Ding Ware: The Palace Museum's Collection and Archaeological Excavation (定瓷雅集：故宮博物院珍藏及出土定窯瓷器薈萃), Beijing, 2012, p.18.Compare with a slightly larger dish (12.4cm wide), decorated with confronted butterflies but lacking the guan mark, excavated at the Ding kiln site in Quyang, Hebei Province, in the Hebei Cultural Research Institute of Cultural Relics, illustrated in Selection of Ding Ware: The Palace Museum's Collection and Archaeological Excavation, pp.68–69, Beijing, 2012, no.20.See a pair of guan-marked square Dingyao dishes, decorated with quatrefoil motifs in the same technique, which was sold at Christie's Hong Kong, 30 May 2018, lot 2925.