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拍賣筆記 vol.199 蘇富比紐約:吳權博士,秦銅錯金陽陵虎符,86.94萬美元售出 - Collection of Dr Wou Kiuan, An Inscribed Gold-Inlaid Bronze Tiger Tally (Hufu), Qin Dynasty




2022年3月23日拍得86.94萬美元,約人民幣630萬元。


本器為一件極為罕見的錯金銘文虎符(虎符),或鑄於秦代或稍後時期,正面以十二字錯金銘文標示用途:「甲兵之符,右在皇帝,左在陽陵」,意即掌管甲兵之權的符節,由皇帝與陽陵軍府各執半符,須兩符合一方可調兵。整器以青銅鑄成,表面局部鏽蝕,仍可見錯金之璀璨斑駁。


虎符制度始於戰國時期,至秦始皇一統天下後,制度更形嚴密。虎符通常分為左右兩半,右符由皇帝掌握,左符分發至軍鎮、郡守或邊防將領。信使持右符前往駐軍之地,兩半符若無法嵌合,則不可動兵。此制度為防止假傳聖旨、避免擅調兵馬之有效機制,亦象徵皇權不可侵犯。


北魏虎符 - 2024年863.6萬港元成交




An inscribed gold-inlaid bronze tiger tally (Hufu), Qin dynasty or later

秦或以後 銅錯金陽陵虎符

不設底價

No Reserves


拍賣已結束

2022 March 23, 03:08 AM HKT


估價

40,000 - 60,000 USD


成交

86.94萬美元,約人民幣630萬元


銘文:

甲兵之符 右在皇帝 左在陽陵


Length 3⅞ in., 9.8 cm



收藏來源 Provenance

D.M.S. 沃特森教授(1886–1973)收藏

蘇富比倫敦,1965年10月9日,拍品編號29

吳權博士(1910–1997)收藏

吳蓮伯博物院,1968年至今,館藏編號 H.2.13


此件虎符由英國古生物學者沃特森教授收藏,1965年釋出於蘇富比倫敦,旋即為旅英藏家吳權博士所購,並於1968年納入私人設立之吳蓮伯博物院。自此未再釋出市場,直至本次拍賣。


出版紀錄 Literature

Rose Kerr 等編,《Chinese Antiquities from the Wou Kiuan Collection》,香港,2011年,圖版32。



本品之十二字銘與現藏中國國家博物館之著名「陽陵虎符」一致,後者原為羅振玉(1866–1940)舊藏。另一類似例為1953年於陝西周至東郡出土之「東郡虎符」,現藏於周至縣文物保管所。本品在鑄造工藝與銘文格式上,更接近東郡所見,顯示出晚秦或西漢早期虎符制度仍處於銅模轉換與形制標準化的過渡期。


本件虎符在2025年3月蘇富比紐約拍場以86.94萬美元成交,遠超原估價 4萬至6萬美元,顯示全球市場對高等級傳世權力象徵器物之強烈需求。錯金虎符本為極罕制度性文物,能留存至今且具有明確銘文、來源清晰者,鳳毛麟角。其重要性不僅限於軍事制度研究,更為理解秦帝國權力運作、分封體系與軍政實務之實物證據。


Provenance


Collection of Professor D.M.S. Watson (1886-1973).

Sotheby's London, 9th October 1965, lot 29.

Collection of Dr Wou Kiuan (1910-1997).

Wou Lien-Pai Museum, 1968-present, coll. no. H.2.13.


Literature

Rose Kerr et al., Chinese Antiquities from the Wou Kiuan Collection. Wou Lien-Pai Museum, Hong Kong, 2011, pl. 32.


柯玫瑰等,《Chinese Antiquities from the Wou Kiuan Collection. Wou Lien-Pai Museum》,香港,2011年,圖版32


Tiger tallies (hufu) were originally produced during the Warring States and Qin dynasty to bestow Imperial authority. Composed of two equal parts, one half remained in the hand of the king whilst the other was given to his general. It was only when a messenger brought the king's half and combined the two could the authority of a general be activated. 


Yielding the power of a king to whoever possessed them, tiger tallies have remained enigmatic tokens of imperial authority. A small number of inscribed tiger tallies from the period are known, such as the famous example bearing the same twelve-character inscription as the present lot, the Yangling hufu, attributed to the Qin dynasty, formerly in the collection Luo Zhenyu (1866-1940) now in the National Museum of China, illustrated in Zhonghua Wenming [Chinese Civilisation], Beijing, 2010, pl. 267. The casting of the present lot is more similar to the Dongjun hufu 東郡虎符, discovered in Shaanxi in 1953, and currently in the Zhouzhi County Cultural Relic Institution. 



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