拍賣筆記 vol.171 蘇富比紐約:唐至宋銅鎏金道教瑞獅方印 - A Tang - Song Dynasty Gilt-Bronze 'Lion' Daoist Seal
- SACA

- Apr 17
- 5 min read

此件獅形印章展現出唐代工藝美學與宗教文化的高度結合。獅子姿態昂揚,前肢伸展,面露威猛神情,象徵權威與護法神力。鬃毛與尾部刻畫細緻生動,展現出極高的金屬雕刻技巧。獅下承方形印面,其上鐫刻篆書印文,應為道教召神用印,亦可能為道士個人所持身份印。根據黃士珊研究,《道藏》中篆書印信極為稀少,而此印即為存世所稀見之例。篆文之使用顯示其與當時主流印章文化之密切關聯,亦為道教融通世俗文化的重要證據。
This rare Tang dynasty gilt-bronze seal is modeled as a powerful lion, standing firmly with its muscular forelegs outstretched and head held high, exuding authority and spiritual strength. The lion’s detailed mane and curled tail exemplify the artisan’s exceptional mastery of bronze casting and chiseling. The seal face is engraved with a clear seal-script inscription, likely used in Daoist rituals or by a Daoist priest as a mark of identity. As noted by Shih-shan Huang (2023), seals with seal-script inscriptions are particularly scarce in the Daozang corpus, highlighting the rarity and significance of this example.

唐至宋 銅鎏金道教瑞獅方印
拍賣已結束
September 19, 04:03 AM HKT
估價
12,000 - 15,000 USD
印文:
初教氣採仙玨印
出處
購於芝加哥古董展,約2005年

唐代最為人景仰的動物之一,此件拍品獅形印章展現出一種強勁與威嚴並存的氣勢。獅子前腿向前伸展,肌肉線條分明,面露兇猛神情,予人一種壓倒性的氣場。其鬃毛刻畫精緻,尾部捲曲有致,進一步增添了莊嚴中不失雅緻的視覺效果。整體體態自然,肌肉流暢寫實,於鎏金表面之下透露出蓄勢待發的張力與力量。
可參見一件與之極為接近之唐代鎏金銅獅,原為Stephen Junkunc III 收藏,售於本拍賣行2019年3月19日,拍品編號119。另可比較台北國立故宮博物院收藏之一件體量較小之類例,見該館網站(典藏編號:贈銅000360N000000000)。
本件印章可能用於道教儀式,或為道士所私用。如黃士珊於《道教印章》(刊於《藝術大觀》,天津,2023年,第78頁)所述,《道藏》(約編纂於五世紀,為道教文獻之總集)中以篆書鐫刻之印章數量極少,而如本例者尤為罕見。篆書為諸書體中最易辨認者,其在道教印文化中的運用,亦反映出當時道教與主流印章文化之密切關係。此類文字多用以召喚於道教儀式中具關鍵職能之神祇。除直接與儀式相關者外,道士所用之名章、宗教用途印信亦往往採用篆書鐫刻。
鎏金銅獅形印章極為稀見。可參見一件姿態略呈伏勢之貓科獸形印章,斷代為東漢至六朝,曾屬法國著名收藏家Henri Vever,售於倫敦蘇富比1994年6月7日,拍品編號13。另可參考一件宋代鎏金銅神獸印,售於香港蘇富比2021年7月1日,拍品編號5043。

補充說明一:關於《道藏》中篆書印章的稀有性與歷史定位《道藏》成書於宋元之交,編纂者主要為南宋高道張君房,於北宋末年奉命匯整道教經典,後於元代經大規模增補成《正統道藏》。在浩繁卷帙中,提及印信使用者多,而具體保留篆書印文之記錄卻極為稀少。黃士珊所指出的情況,從側面證明使用篆書鐫刻的印章往往為私藏或於特殊場合下所用,並非普遍官式道教儀軌配件。此外,《道藏》記錄中也有提及「符印合用」之制度,即以符箓召神,再以印章「鎮物」或「攝神」,其中的「印」常為具象神獸與篆書文字共構,顯現出形與意、器與道的互融關係。
補充說明二:篆書印章與道士身分的認定與制度宋代道教制度日益嚴謹,道士需經過正一或天師道授籙,並領受職銜、服物與官印。這類印章往往兼具功能性與象徵性,例如作為召神、避邪、封印或認證身分之用。根據《宋會要輯稿·職官》與《雲笈七籤》卷八十,印章已是法師、壇主、齋主等道職行使儀式權威的重要物件,部分印章亦具有「一人一印」、「印不可轉借」等制度規定。因此若此印屬於某位高道或壇主,其重要性不可等閒視之。
補充說明三:獅形印鈕與金屬工藝的象徵性獅形印鈕的出現往往非偶然。獅,自漢以來即視為驅邪、鎮煞之神獸,至唐代更因佛教文化興盛,成為法力、權威與護法神力的象徵。唐代宮廷與寺觀常見鎏金銅獅於門扉、香案、印紐之上。將獅用於印紐,一方面體現「印者,信也」的莊嚴性,另一方面亦顯示持印者掌有辟邪與召神之神力。相比東漢至六朝以來以虎、犀、鴞為多的神獸印紐形制,唐代的獅鈕更具宮廷與道教融合的時代特徵。
補充說明四:西方收藏史脈絡中的類例對比Henri Vever(1854–1942)為十九世紀末至二十世紀初最重要的法國珠寶商與東方藝術收藏家之一,其對中國金屬工藝品的鑑藏尤為精到。其舊藏之漢至六朝獸形印章現藏分佈於巴黎吉美博物館、倫敦大英博物館與日本多個機構。能與其舊藏並列之器物,實則兼具藝術與歷史雙重價值。與之對比者,如2021年香港蘇富比拍出的宋代鎏金銅神獸印(拍品5043),體量雖小,但風格嚴謹,印文與紐獸融合一體,同樣顯示出宋代後期道教金屬印章向精緻化、神獸象徵主義的過渡。

A gilt-bronze 'lion' Daoist seal, Tang - Song dynasty
Auction Closed
September 19, 04:03 AM HKT
Estimate
12,000 - 15,000 USD
the seal face with a seven-character inscription reading chu jiao qi cai xian jue yin (prime, aura, immortal seal)
Height 3½ in., 8.9 cm
Provenance
Acquired at the Chicago Antiques Fair, circa 2005.
Catalogue Note
One of the most admired animals during the Tang dynasty, the present lot exudes strength and dominance with the lion's muscular forelegs outstretched and fierce expression. The finely detailed mane and intricately curled tail add elegance to its commanding presence, while the naturalistic musculature highlights the latent tension and energy beneath the gilded surface. See a closely related Tang dynasty gilt-bronze lion, formerly in the collection of Stephen Junkunc III, sold in these rooms, 19th March 2019, lot 119. Compare another smaller example, in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, illustrated on the museum's website (accession no. 贈銅000360N000000000).
The present lot was likely used for rituals or belonged to a Daoist priest. As discussed by Shih-shan Huang, 'Daojiao Yinzhang[Daoist Seals]', Art Panorama, Tianjin, 2023, p. 78, seal inscriptions utilizing seal script, such as the present lot, are the least numerous in the Daozang (a large canon of Daoist writings assembled around the 5th century). Compared to other types, the seal script style is the easiest to recognize, reflecting the close relationship between Daoism and mainstream seal culture of the time. These inscriptions typically summon deities holding important positions crucial to Daoist rituals. In addition to seals directly related to ritual functions, those identifying Daoist priests - used as personal seals or for other religious purposes - typically employ seal script.
It is very rare to find a gilt-bronze 'lion' seal. Compare a related feline seal with the beast in a slightly crouching pose, attributed to the Eastern Han/Six Dynasties, previously in the collection of Henri Vever, sold in our London rooms, 7th June 1994, lot 13. See another Song dynasty gilt-bronze 'mythical beast' seal, sold in our Hong Kong rooms, 1st July 2021, lot 5043.
































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