top of page

唐代筆記 vol.37 京都國立博物館:唐三彩黑白馬一對 - Kyoto National Museum, Tang Dynasty Sancai Horse, Beige Colour with Dots & Black Glazed Horse

  • Writer: SACA
    SACA
  • May 29
  • 4 min read

Two ceramic horse sculptures with ornate saddles, one cream with spots, the other dark brown, on a plain gray background.


此對黑白相映的唐三彩馬俑極為罕見,不僅在形象上呈現稀有的馬種,其釉彩與施釉技法亦達到極高水準。黑馬通體施以深褐釉,釉面呈現金屬質感的光澤,模擬傳說中“金鹿毛”之名馬;而白馬則以白色陶胎為基,先覆黃土,再以白泥點斑,最後通施白釉,使馬身呈現淡紅色調與白斑交錯的獨特質感,此為“連錢白栗毛”之稀有毛色的藝術再現。


兩匹馬均配有三彩釉飾的鞍具與裝飾,華麗而考究。如此精緻入微地刻畫馬匹毛色與鞍轡,在目前所知傳世唐三彩馬俑中極為罕見,堪稱代表作之一。尤其是黑馬所呈現的金屬光澤釉調,在現存唐三彩器物中十分罕見。


參考靜嘉堂文庫美術館收藏的一匹黑馬,作低頭飲水狀,釉光更為上乘。參考芝加哥藝術博物館的另一件低頭飲水黑馬,釉色偏褐色。



Ceramic sculpture of a horse with a textured mane bends to graze. The horse has green and gold ornate patterns on its body. Gray background.

芝加哥藝術博物館,唐三彩黑釉(褐釉)馬


Ceramic sculpture of a horse with ornate green and gold armor, black and cream body, on a plain white surface. Ornate and ancient feel.

靜嘉堂文庫美術館 唐三彩飲水黑馬


Ceramic horse sculpture with green and yellow saddle against a gray background. The horse is detailed and ornate, conveying elegance.

京都國立美術館 唐三彩黑馬


唐三彩馬俑 

一對

中國,唐代,8世紀

黑馬:高70.0厘米,長76.5厘米

白馬:高71.2厘米,長82.5厘米

京都國立博物館藏(編號 G甲214),銭高衣子氏捐贈


「金鹿毛」為日語中對唐代馬匹毛色的一種稱呼,其漢語原形為「金鹿之毛」或「鹿毛金光」。其中「鹿毛」指一種赤褐色為基底、混雜細碎黑毛的馬毛色,近似現代語言中的「bay」或「sorrel」,而「金」字則是形容其毛色於日照之下,具有閃爍金屬光澤的效果。


Ceramic horse statue with ornate green and brown saddle, beige body with spots, standing on a gray background. Detailed patterns on harness.

「連錢」原意為古代中國圓形方孔銅錢連綴成串的狀態,引申為規則排列的斑點;「白栗毛」則為指以白為底色、混雜紅褐色或栗色小斑的毛色(可對應現代馬術術語中的“flea-bitten grey”或“light chestnut with dapples”)。整體而言,「連錢白栗毛」即描述一種白底上帶有整齊斑點的栗色毛,視覺上帶有一種細密點彩或暈染的質感。


《舊唐書》與《資治通鑑》中雖未見此詞,但唐代壁畫(如敦煌莫高窟第220窟、法門寺地宮出土銀器)中曾見表現斑點馬匹,且有時搭配突厥風格的裝飾品,可能暗示西域種馬在唐人美術觀中的特殊地位。唐人欣賞並記錄不同馬匹毛色,是一種社會品味與軍事實力的體現,三彩馬的多樣釉彩亦反映當時對胡馬毛色變異之美的再現與追求。


Two ornate ceramic horse sculptures, one beige and one black, with green and gold saddles and bridles. Set against a plain gray background.

Tang Sancai Horses, Pair

China, Tang dynasty, 8th century

Black horse: H. 70.0 cm, L. 76.5 cmWhite horse: H. 71.2 cm, L. 82.5 cm

Kyoto National Museum, Inv. No. G-Kō 214

Gift of Ms. Eiko Zentaka


Important Art Object


These black and white tomb figurines are meant to portray rare breeds of horses. The black horse, covered in dark-brown glaze, has an unusual metallic luster. The white horse's strange, pinkish coloring was achieved by coating white clay with a white-slip, spotting with yellow primer, then applying an over-coat of white glaze. The saddles and other trappings are beautifully colored in three-color glazes. Few of the many other existing tomb horses can rival the elaborate workmanship on this pair.


Close-up of a detailed ceramic horse sculpture with a green and brown ornate saddle, set against a plain gray background.

This pair of Tang sancai glazed horse figurines, rendered in striking black and white, exemplifies rare representations of exotic equine breeds. The black horse is glazed in a deep, lustrous brown that produces an unusual metallic sheen, evocative of the legendary kin-shikage ("golden deer coat"). The white horse, by contrast, is modeled in white clay, coated with ochre slip, speckled with white pigments, and finished with a translucent white glaze, resulting in a pinkish hue with white mottling—a deliberate artistic evocation of the prized rensen-shiro-kurige ("coin-marked white chestnut coat").


Both horses are elaborately adorned with trappings and saddle covers decorated in vibrant three-color (sancai) glaze. The meticulous rendering of the horses’ coats and the fine attention to equestrian ornamentation mark this pair among the most accomplished examples of Tang ceramic tomb figures. Notably, the metallic glaze of the black horse appears to be without parallel in known Tang sancai wares.


Ceramic horse sculpture with intricate green and beige harness, detailed mane, and dotted pattern. Gray background, elegant and serene.

唐三彩馬俑

とうさんさいばよう

2躯

白:高71.2cm 長82.5cm 黒:高70.0cm 長76.5cm

中国  唐時代 8世紀

銭高衣子氏寄贈

京都国立博物館(G甲214)


黒白一対の馬俑である。黒い馬は全体を濃い褐色の釉でおおい、金属的な光沢をみせ、 白い馬は白土で作った躰を黄土でおおい、白泥で斑点を描き、その上から白釉をかけて白 斑のある淡紅色の不思議な色調を得ている、黒は金鹿毛(きんしかげ)、白は連銭白栗毛 (れんせんしろくりげ)と呼ばれる珍らしい種類の毛並をあらわしている。特に濃い褐釉 で表わされた黒い馬の釉調は他に類をみないものであろう。鞍覆(おお)いや馬具類にも 美しい三彩釉がかけられ、馬の毛並ひとつにも、これほど手のこんだものはあまり知られ ていない。数多く伝えられる三彩馬俑の中でも、最も優れた作品の一つであろう。

Comments


Related Products

saca logo

© 2018 - 2025, SACA.

bottom of page