宋代筆記 vol.150 救世熱海美術館：定窯黒釉金彩瑞花文碗，重要文化財 （黑定）- MOA Museum of Art, Atami:Ding Ware Black-Glazed Bowl with Gold-Decorated Auspicious Floral Design, Important Cultural Property, Northern Song Dynasty

存世極為罕見的黑定 —— 黑釉定窯，雖然整體碎拼，但這也彷彿是黑色定窯的常態，MOA美術館的選品不純粹以品相出發，藝術品只有到達一定的級別（分數）才屬於真正的博物館級別藏品，當金字塔尖的存世量極低的時候，品相缺損在MOA美術館看來是可以接受的。

萬野美術館（Manno Museum）舊藏的定窯系黑釉鐵鏽斑斗笠碗與這件作品類似同款，尺寸相仿，2018年在佳士得紐約以約2700萬元人民幣的價格售出，應為當陽峪窯的作品（磁州窯中的一個高質量重要窯口）。

The surviving examples of black Ding ware—the so-called “black Ding” (hei Ding)—are exceedingly rare. Although this particular bowl has been reconstructed from fragments, such condition appears almost characteristic of extant black-glazed Ding wares. The MOA Museum of Art does not judge its acquisitions solely by physical condition; in their curatorial philosophy, an artwork must first reach a certain qualitative level—what may be called a “museum-grade” standard. When the extant corpus of top-tier examples is extremely limited, condition losses are regarded as acceptable within the museum’s collecting criteria.

A closely related example is the black-glazed Ding-type conical bowl with “iron-rust spots” formerly in the Manno Museum of Art, similar in form and size to the present work. That bowl, likely produced at the Dayangyu kilns (a high-quality and significant branch within the Cizhou kiln system), was sold at Christie’s New York in 2018 for approximately RMB 27 million.

定窯黒釉金彩瑞花文碗

重要文化財

北宋時期（11–12世紀）

口徑19.1公分，高5.6公分，底徑4.6公分

此碗造形峻拔，展現北宋典型的嚴謹風格。口沿鋭利，幾如刃口，小巧的高台使整體比例更為緊致。胎質為潔白磁質，略顯粗鬆，覆以漆黑釉料，光澤瑩亮，釉汁下垂至高台處，顯現自然的流動感。

內壁原繪金彩瑞花文，今大部分剝落，僅留少許金痕。然而在特定光線下可辨析主要紋飾：兩組相對的蓮花與蓮葉束作為主題，間以唐草風格的雙葉紋飾。深沉的黑釉中蘊含幽玄神秘之氣，堪稱北宋晚期——中國陶瓷黃金時代——的傑作之一。據傳出土於現今北朝鮮黃海道。

值得留意的是，日本收藏的這類加金彩的定窯多傳為朝鮮半島出土，龍泉堂舊藏有一件尺寸較小的斗笠碗，曾於蘇富比香港上拍（流拍），也是傳為朝鮮半島古墓的來源。

Ding Ware Black-Glazed Bowl with Gold-Decorated Auspicious Floral Design, Important Cultural Property

Northern Song dynasty, 11th–12th centuryDiameter: 19.1 cm; Height: 5.6 cm; Foot diameter: 4.6 cm

This bowl exemplifies the austere elegance characteristic of Northern Song ceramics. The sharply cut rim resembles the edge of a blade, while the small foot ring tightens and refines the overall silhouette. The body is formed of pure white porcelain clay, somewhat coarse in texture, covered with a lustrous jet-black glaze that flows downward to the foot in thick streaks. The interior was originally decorated with gold-painted auspicious floral motifs, most of which have now flaked away, leaving only faint traces. Under directed light, however, one can discern the principal design: two opposing bundles of lotus flowers and leaves, accompanied by pairs of foliate scrolls in a tang-grass manner. The profound depth of the black glaze conveys a sense of mystery, marking this piece as a masterpiece of the late Northern Song, often regarded as the golden age of Chinese ceramics. Tradition holds that this bowl was unearthed in Hwanghae Province, present-day North Korea.

黒釉金彩瑞花文碗 重要文化財

作者	定窯
時代	中国‧北宋時代（11～12世紀）
素材‧技法
サイズ	一口　口径19.1㎝　高5.6㎝　高台径4.6㎝

いかにも北宋期の焼きものらしい厳しい形の碗である。鋭い縁は刃のように尖り、小さい高台が形を引き締めている。素地は純白の磁質だが、ざんぐりとしていて、これにかけた漆黒の釉薬がぴかぴかと輝き、垂れて高台にまで流れている。碗の内面にはもともと金彩で瑞花文を描いてあったが、現在は大部分が剥落し、ほんのわずかに金が残っているのみである。しかし光線をあてて光る部分を丹念に見ると、束ねた蓮の花と葉一束ずつを主文様として相対する二ヵ所に描き、その間に二葉ずつの唐草風の文様があったことが、はっきりと金彩の跡として確かめることができる。深々とした黒釉に深い神秘がたたえられており、中国陶磁の黄金時代とされている北宋末の名作といえる。この碗は現在の北朝鮮の黄海道から出土したものと伝えられている。