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宋代筆記 vol.137 五島美術館:緑釉牡丹文鳳首瓶乾瓦窯 - Gotoh Museum, Green-glazed Vase with Peony Design and Phoenix-head Spout, Qianwa Kiln, Liao Dynasty

宋代筆記 vol.137 五島美術館:緑釉牡丹文鳳首瓶乾瓦窯 - Gotoh Museum, Green-glazed Vase with Peony Design and Phoenix-head Spout, Qianwa Kiln, Liao Dynasty Green ceramic vase with floral patterns and a bird-shaped handle, set against a gray background. The vase has a distinct, elegant form.

緑釉牡丹文鳳首瓶

時代: 遼代(11世紀)

尺寸: 高 37.7 cm,口徑 10.0 cm,胴徑 15.0 cm,底徑 7.6–7.5 cm

窯口: 乾瓦窯 (缸瓦窯)

藏所: 五島美術館


本器為遼代乾瓦窯(缸瓦窯)出產之代表作,器形為鳳首瓶,通體施綠釉,胴部飾以線刻牡丹紋。瓶口呈花瓣形大口,下承一鳳首流口,具強烈裝飾性與象徵意涵。鳳首瓶之形制源自東西文化交流,尤與薩珊波斯銀器器形相近,應為隋唐時期文化互動中所發展出的混合型制。


乾瓦窯遺址位於今日中國內蒙古赤峰市紅瓦窯村,為遼代重要陶器產地之一。鳳首瓶於遼代墓葬中常見出土實例,尤以遼寧省11世紀中葉墓葬出土者為顯例,顯示其在契丹貴族社會中可能具特殊用途或象徵意義。東京國立博物館亦藏有類似器物,可資比較研究。


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This green-glazed phoenix-head vase with peony design is a representative ceramic work from the Qianwa kiln—also known as the Hongwa kiln—active during the Liao dynasty (11th century). The vase features a widely flaring, lobed mouth beneath which emerges a stylized phoenix head, forming the spout. The body is incised with peony motifs and covered in an even green glaze.


The form of the phoenix-head spout has been linked to Sasanian silver vessels, indicating a hybrid typology that likely emerged from East–West cultural exchange during the Sui–Tang period. Such forms became highly favored among the Khitan aristocracy during the Liao period.


The kiln site is located in present-day Hongwayao Village, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. Comparable examples have been excavated from 11th-century tombs in Liaoning Province, suggesting a funerary or ritual function. A similar example is also preserved in the Tokyo National Museum, providing a basis for further comparative study.


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緑釉牡丹文鳳首瓶乾瓦窯

りょくゆうぼたんもんほうしゅへいかんがよう

陶器/一口 遼時代•11世紀

高37.7cm 口径10.0cm 胴径15.0cm 底径7.6-7.5cm

五島美術館藏


「乾瓦窯」は缸瓦窯(こうがよう)とも表記し、現在の内蒙古自治区赤峰市紅瓦窯村に跡がある。遼は、遊牧民の契丹族(きったんぞく)が興した国。鳳首を持つ瓶は、ササン朝ペルシアの銀器との共通点が指摘され、東西の文化交流によって、隋‧唐時代ごろに生み出された器形と考えられている。本品は、花形に大きく開いた口部の下に鳳首をあらわした時代特有の形。胴部に牡丹文を線彫りし、全体に緑釉を掛ける。類品が東京国立博物館にあるほか、遼寧省の11世紀中頃の墓より、鳳首瓶が出土している。


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