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茶入筆記 vol.19 德川美術館:大名物 唐物 苫屋文琳茶入 - Tokugawa Art Museum, Karamono Bunrin Chaire ‘Tomaya’


Audio cover
Tomaya Tea Caddy_ A History

唐物文琳茶入 

銘「苫屋」大名物


文琳是指外形如蘋果般圓潤的茶入。本件茶入由豐後國府內藩第二代藩主竹中重義(生年不詳~1634年)所持。


在某次茶會中,小堀遠州根據藤原定家的和歌「見わたせば 花も紅葉も なかりけり 浦の篷やの 秋のゆふぐれ」(大意:放眼望去,不見花紅葉黃,只有海邊的茅草屋與秋日的黃昏)為其命名。茶入稍帶歪斜的形態,或許正迎合了侘寂之美的意境。


此後,熊本藩加藤家的家臣加藤正方(號風庵,1580~1648年)獲得此件茶入,並向小堀遠州委託製作牙蓋與仕覆。遠州完成後的書信至今仍存,見證了這段佳話。



唐物文琳茶入「苫屋」FAQ

  1. 什麼是文琳茶入? 文琳茶入是一種日本茶道中的茶容器,其特點是圓潤的形狀,外形類似蘋果。在茶道中,這類茶入備受珍視。

  2. 「苫屋」茶入有何特別之處? 「苫屋」茶入被視為大名物,意指其具有重要文化價值的極品茶器。其珍貴性源於其歷史背景、與小堀遠州等名家的關聯,以及其對侘寂美學的體現。

  3. 誰為茶入命名為「苫屋」?此名稱有何意義? 「苫屋」的名稱由著名茶道家小堀遠州在一次茶會中命名,靈感來自藤原定家的和歌,詩中表現了一種簡樸之美與寧靜氛圍,這與茶入樸素的形態相呼應。

  4. 竹中重義在「苫屋」茶入的歷史中扮演了什麼角色? 竹中重義是豐後國府內藩的第二代藩主,也是「苫屋」茶入的早期持有者。小堀遠州為該茶入命名的故事,正發生在他擁有該茶入的時期。

  5. 「苫屋」茶入如何體現侘寂美學? 「苫屋」茶入略帶不對稱的形態,展現了侘寂美學中對不完美、簡樸與自然的追求。這種微妙的歪斜為茶入增添了一份靜謐優雅與樸素的魅力。

  6. 誰為「苫屋」茶入訂製了牙蓋和仕覆? 「苫屋」茶入後來由熊本藩加藤家的家臣加藤正方(號風庵)所得。他是一位茶道愛好者,委託小堀遠州製作了牙蓋(牙蓋)和仕覆(絲織袋)以搭配這件珍貴茶入。

  7. 有什麼證據顯示小堀遠州參與了牙蓋和仕覆的製作? 一封由小堀遠州撰寫的書信至今保存完好,信中提及他完成牙蓋和仕覆的過程,為「苫屋」茶入的歷史提供了確鑿的證據,並見證了這件名器與茶道大師之間的淵源。

  8. 今天可以在哪裡看到「苫屋」茶入? 德川美術館,名古屋。



茶入尺寸

  • :二寸二分五厘(約6.8cm)

  • 胴徑:二寸四分五厘(約7.4cm)

  • 口徑:一寸一分(約3.3cm)

  • 底徑:一寸(約3.0cm)~一寸一分(約3.3cm)

  • 甑高:三分五厘(約1.1cm)

  • 肩寬:四分五厘(約1.4cm)

  • 重量:二三匁六分(約88.5g)


特徵描述

  • 口作:玉緣,甑際處有一道內凹線紋。

  • 形狀:肩部略有稜角,胴部微微鼓起,自胴以下至底部迅速收窄。盆付際處以刮刀切割形成深刻的階段紋。

  • 底部:以鼠色陶土製成,採用「糸切」技法修整。

  • 釉色:通體施以略帶棕色的飴釉,釉色自頂部流淌至底部,形成自然的流釉紋理,釉色與胎土融為一體。


傳承

此茶入的傳承順序為:竹中采女正重義 → 加藤右馬允正方 → 紀州德川家 → 德川將軍家 → 尾張德川慶勝。


附件與裝箱

  • 仕覆:花色地下妻緞子(藍底緞子)、萌黃地笹蔓緞子(綠底竹葉蔓紋緞子)。

  • :一枚。

  • 袋箱:桐製柳營御物箱。

  • 挽家:黑漆。

  • 內箱:桐製柳營御物箱。

  • 中箱:黑漆。

  • 外箱:杉木白木製成。

  • 御物袋:白縮緬布製成。



唐物文琳茶入 銘 苫屋

大名物

からものぶんりんちゃいれ めい とまや


文琳とは、林檎のような形の丸みのある茶入を指す。


本品は、豊後国府内藩2代竹中重義(しげよし/生年未詳~1634)が所持し、ある日の茶会の折に小堀遠州が藤原定家の和歌「見わたせば 花も紅葉も なかりけり 浦の篷やの 秋のゆふぐれ」に因んで名付けたという。


本品のやや歪(いびつ)な姿に侘びた風情を汲んたのだろう。その後本品を手に入れた熊本藩加藤家の家臣・加藤正方(風庵。1580~1648)から、遠州に牙蓋(げぶた)と仕覆(しふく)を依頼したようで、完成した際の遠州の書状が残っている。

竹中采女正重義に命銘を乞われた小堀遠州が、取り立てて景色のないところから『新古今集』の藤原定家「見渡せば花も紅葉もなかりせり浦のとまやの秋の夕暮」の歌を引いて命銘したという。

高二寸二分五厘(6.8cm)、胴径二寸四分五厘(7.4cm)、口径一寸一分(3.3cm)、底径一寸(3.0cm)~一寸一分(3.3cm)、甑高三分五厘(1.1cm)、肩幅四分五厘(1.4cm)、重量二三匁六分(88.5g)。

口作は玉縁で、甑際に沈筋一線が廻り、肩が少し衝き、胴が張り、それ以下底まで急に窄まり、盆付際を箆で切り回して深く段をつくり、底は鼠色土で糸切。茶色がちの飴釉が全面に掛り、共色釉のなだれが糸切まで掛り置形をなしている。


伝来は、竹中采女正重義~加藤右馬允正方~紀州徳川家~徳川将軍家~尾張徳川慶勝。


仕覆は、花色地下妻緞子、萌黄地笹蔓緞子。

蓋一枚。

袋箱、桐柳営御物箱。

挽家、黒塗。

内箱、桐柳営御物箱。

中箱、黒塗。外箱、杉白木。

御物袋、白縮緬。



Karamon Bunrin Tea Caddy

Named "Tomaya"

Ōmeibutsu (Highly Treasured Item)


The term Bunrin refers to tea caddies with a rounded shape, resembling an apple. This particular tea caddy was owned by Takenaka Shigeyoshi (dates unknown–1634), the second lord of Funai Domain in Bungo Province. During a tea gathering, Kobori Enshū bestowed the name "Tomaya" (thatched hut) upon it, inspired by a waka poem by Fujiwara no Teika:

"Miwataseba / hana mo momiji mo / nakarikeri / ura no tomoya no / aki no yugure"("As I gaze around, neither blossoms nor crimson leaves can be seen; only a thatched hut by the bay, in the evening of autumn.")


The slightly asymmetrical shape of the tea caddy seems to embody the wabi aesthetic, evoking a quiet, rustic elegance.


Later, the tea caddy came into the possession of Katō Masakata (1580–1648), a retainer of the Katō family of Kumamoto Domain, who was also known by the name Fūan. Masakata commissioned Kobori Enshū to create an ivory lid and a shifuku (silk pouch) for the caddy. A letter written by Enshū upon completing the work still survives, serving as a testament to this historical connection.



FAQ: Karamon Bunrin Tea Caddy "Tomaya"


1. What is a Bunrin tea caddy?

A Bunrin tea caddy is a type of Japanese tea container characterized by its round shape, reminiscent of an apple. These caddies are highly prized in Japanese tea ceremony.


2. What makes the "Tomaya" tea caddy special?

The "Tomaya" tea caddy is considered an Ōmeibutsu, meaning it's a highly treasured item of significant cultural value. This designation stems from its historical ownership, connection to prominent figures like Kobori Enshū, and its embodiment of the

wabi aesthetic.


3. Who named the tea caddy "Tomaya," and what does the name signify?

The renowned tea master Kobori Enshū named the caddy "Tomaya" (thatched hut) during a tea gathering. He drew inspiration from a waka poem by Fujiwara no Teika that evokes a sense of austere beauty and tranquility, qualities reflected in the tea caddy's simple form.


4. What role did Takenaka Shigeyoshi play in the history of the "Tomaya" tea caddy?

Takenaka Shigeyoshi, the second lord of Funai Domain, was an early owner of the "Tomaya" tea caddy. It was during his possession that Kobori Enshū named the caddy.


5. How is the wabi aesthetic embodied in the "Tomaya" tea caddy?

The "Tomaya" tea caddy's slightly asymmetrical shape contributes to its wabi aesthetic, which emphasizes the beauty of imperfection, simplicity, and naturalness. This subtle irregularity adds a sense of quiet elegance and rustic charm to the caddy.


6. Who commissioned the ivory lid and shifuku for the "Tomaya" tea caddy?

Katō Masakata, a retainer of the Katō family of Kumamoto Domain and a tea enthusiast known as Fūan, later acquired the "Tomaya" tea caddy. He commissioned Kobori Enshū to craft an ivory lid (gebuta) and a silk pouch (shifuku) for the precious tea caddy.


7. What evidence exists of Kobori Enshū's involvement in creating the lid and pouch?

A letter written by Kobori Enshū upon completing the ivory lid and shifuku still exists, providing concrete evidence of his contribution to the "Tomaya" tea caddy's legacy. This letter serves as a historical link between the renowned tea master and this treasured artifact.


8. Where can I see the "Tomaya" tea caddy today?

Tokugawa Art Musuem, Nagoya.

Én kommentar


Allen WANG
Allen WANG
25. nov.

絕對是一件十分特殊的茶入,實物釉層靈動、肥厚。造型雖橢圓但又不失稜角,有武家格調。

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