拍賣筆記 vol.183 蘇富比香港：藍田山房，漢玉翁仲珮兩枚 - The Lantien Shanfang Collection, Two Jade 'Figure' Pendants, Wengzhong, Han Dynasty

漢代玉人是指以玉石雕刻而成的人物形象，涵蓋了從寫實的人物雕像到象徵性的神祇形象。​這些玉人不僅展現了當時高超的雕刻技藝，更反映了漢代社會的宗教信仰、禮儀制度和審美觀念。​

漢　玉翁仲珮兩枚

The Lantien Shanfang Collection, Two Jade 'Figure' Pendants, Wengzhong, Han Dynasty

來源

雲中居，台北，1992年2月22日入藏

藍田山房收藏，編號HJ-139

上手圖：

Session begins in

May 7, 03:00 PM JST

Estimate

80,000 - 300,000 HKD

2.6 and 2 cm

Provenance

Chang Wei-Hwa, Taipei, 22nd February 1992.

The Lantien Shanfang Collection, no. HJ-139.

漢代玉人的歷史背景與文化意涵

漢代玉人是指以玉石雕刻而成的人物形象，涵蓋了從寫實的人物雕像到象徵性的神祇形象。​這些玉人不僅展現了當時高超的雕刻技藝，更反映了漢代社會的宗教信仰、禮儀制度和審美觀念。​

1. 玉人的功能與象徵

• 禮儀與宗教用途：​玉人在漢代常被用於宗教祭祀和喪葬儀式中，象徵著通天達神的媒介，體現了人與神靈之間的聯繫。

• 辟邪與護身：​許多玉人被賦予驅邪避災的功能，常作為護身符佩戴，反映了當時人們對於超自然力量的信仰。​

• 地位與身份的象徵：​玉器在漢代是身份和地位的象徵，玉人的擁有與佩戴往往代表著主人的社會地位和財富。​

2. 玉人的藝術特色

• 雕刻技藝：​漢代玉人雕刻技術精湛，線條流暢，形象生動，展現了高超的工藝水準。​

• 題材多樣：​玉人的題材涵蓋了舞者、武士、神祇等，反映了漢代社會的多元文化和豐富的宗教信仰。​

• 風格特徵：​漢代玉人常呈現出莊嚴肅穆的氣質，體現了當時社會對於禮儀和秩序的重視。​

漢代的歷史概述

漢朝是中國歷史上繼秦朝之後的第二個統一王朝，分為西漢（前202年－9年）和東漢（25年－220年）兩個時期。​漢代在政治制度、經濟發展、文化建設等方面都取得了顯著成就，對後世產生了深遠的影響。​

1. 政治制度的發展

漢代繼承並完善了秦朝的中央集權制度，建立了以皇帝為核心的統治體系。​同時，漢武帝時期推行「罷黜百家，獨尊儒術」的政策，確立了儒家思想在政治和社會中的主導地位。

2. 經濟的繁榮

漢代經濟發展迅速，農業、手工業和商業都有顯著的進步。​特別是在絲綢之路的開通後，對外貿易繁榮，促進了東西方文化的交流。​

3. 文化的興盛

漢代是中國古代文化的重要發展時期，文學、歷史、哲學等領域都有卓越的成就。​如司馬遷的《史記》、班固的《漢書》等史學巨著，為後世留下了寶貴的文化遺產。​

漢代玉人作為漢代玉器藝術的代表，不僅展現了當時高超的雕刻技藝，更深刻反映了漢代社會的宗教信仰、禮儀制度和文化特徵。

Historical Background and Cultural Significance of Han Dynasty Jade Figures

Han dynasty jade figures refer to human-shaped artifacts carved from jade during the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE).These figures range from realistic depictions of individuals to symbolic representations of deities. They not only showcase the advanced craftsmanship of the time but also reflect the religious beliefs, ritual practices, and aesthetic values prevalent in Han society.​

1. Functions and Symbolism of Jade Figures

• Ritual and Religious Use: Jade figures were commonly employed in religious ceremonies and burial rites, symbolizing a medium connecting humans with the divine and reflecting the belief in communication between the earthly and spiritual realms.​

• Apotropaic and Protective Qualities: Many jade figures were believed to ward off evil and disasters, often worn as amulets, indicating the era's faith in supernatural powers.​

• Indicators of Status and Identity: In the Han dynasty, jade artifacts symbolized social status and wealth.Possession and adornment of jade figures often denoted the owner's societal position and affluence.​Jade Nature

2. Artistic Characteristics of Jade Figures

• Carving Techniques: Han dynasty jade figures exhibit exquisite carving skills, with smooth lines and vivid forms, demonstrating the high level of craftsmanship achieved during this period.​GIA+1Jade Nature+1

• Diverse Themes: The subjects of jade figures include dancers, warriors, and deities, reflecting the multicultural and rich religious beliefs of Han society.​

• Stylistic Features: These figures often convey a solemn and dignified aura, embodying the societal emphasis on ritual propriety and order.​

Overview of the Han Dynasty

The Han dynasty, succeeding the Qin dynasty, was the second imperial dynasty of China, divided into the Western Han (202 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25 – 220 CE) periods. It marked significant advancements in political structures, economic development, and cultural achievements, leaving a profound legacy for subsequent generations.​

1. Political Developments

The Han dynasty inherited and refined the centralized bureaucratic system established by the Qin, forming a governance structure centered around the emperor. Notably, during Emperor Wu's reign, the policy of "rejecting the hundred schools, venerating Confucianism exclusively" was implemented, solidifying Confucianism's dominance in political and social spheres.​

2. Economic Prosperity

The Han era witnessed rapid economic growth, with significant progress in agriculture, handicrafts, and commerce. The opening of the Silk Road facilitated flourishing foreign trade and cultural exchanges between East and West.​

3. Cultural Flourishing

The Han dynasty was a pivotal period for Chinese culture, achieving remarkable accomplishments in literature, history, and philosophy. Works such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Ban Gu's Book of Han are monumental historical texts that have provided invaluable insights for posterity.​

Conclusion

Han dynasty jade figures stand as exemplary representations of jade artistry during this era, not only highlighting the superior carving techniques but also offering deep insights into the religious beliefs, ritual systems, and cultural attributes of Han society.